Electrochromism: Hydrated Tungsten Trioxide Film

When it comes to electrochromism, you may think of hydrated tungsten trioxide film, which is important for researching. And such film may be more and more widely applied on smart windows. Therefore, people have begun to become interested in the preparation process of hydrated WO3 film.

Experts said that because the seed layer plays a vital role in the film growth process, the surface morphology of the film prepared with or without the seed layer has a significant change. The SEM image of hydrated WO3 film using urea as structure-directing agent without seed layer (a) and TEM image of hydrated WO3 film with seed layer are shown as below.

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From the field emission scanning electron micrograph of the film prepared without seed layer, it was found that the film showed a flower-like structure composed of nanorods with a size of about 1.5μm. When a seed layer is present, the prepared film is a porous structure composed of nanodisks. From the transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron micrograph, it can be seen that the size of a single nanodisk is about several hundred nanometers. The nanodisk has a rough surface with thickness of about 35nm. The nanodisks are arranged to cross each other to form a porous structure film, as b-d shown in the above image.

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