3D Printing Technology & Refractory Metal Material
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 30 May 2013 18:31
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Refractory metal is generally a kind of metal whose melting point is higher than 1650℃ and has definite reserves. The metals whose melting point is higher than Zr (1852℃) are also called as refractory metal. Refractory metal material is a kind of alloys which is based on refractory metal as matrix and adds with other metal elements. 3D printing technology is a kind of techniques which is based on files of mathematical model, utilizing refractory metal material and manufacturing substance by printing layer by layer. 3D printer appeared at the mid-term of 1990’s. It is a kind of rapid prototyping devices by using light-cure and paper stacking up. The operational principle is similar to general printer. There is refractory metal powder in 3D printer. When connecting with computer, the printer superimposes refractory metal material layer by layer, being controlled by computer. Lastly, the blueprint in computer will be change into material object. At present, 3D printing technology has been widely adopted in aviation industry for manufacturing main bearing components of fighter. The most outstanding advantage of 3D printing technology is that graphic data of computer can produce any shapes components directly, without machine work or moulds, so that can reduce lead time of product, improve productivity and lower cost.
3D printing technology can not only be used for manufacturing plastic gun. At present, 3D printing technology has been widely used in developing and manufacturing of weapons around the world. Advanced 3D printing technology can not only sinter or fuse plastic, wax and sand, it can also sinter refractory metal directly. In traditional manufacturing process of fighter, it needs long-term investment for manufacturing hydraulic forming equipment after finishing design of fighter 3D model. The processes of shaping and application of components have been improved largely while using 3D printing technology. The main bearing components, being made by refractory metal material and manufactured by 3D printing technology has been widely used for J-15, the first Chinese carrier aircraft, including the whole former landing chassis. It is said that the refractory metal material which is manufactured by 3D printing technology will be also used for J-20 and J-31, the fifth generation fighter.
3D printing technology can be also used for maintenance and guarantee of weapons in the battlefield directly. At present, the U.S. army has already deployed mobile laboratory in Afghanistan. The U.S. Army is also speeding up the combat deployment of 3D printing technology, so that can improve the maintenance ability of weapons and enhance persistent combat effectiveness during wartime. The damaged components can be printed by using 3D printing technology timely and assembled by maintenance personnel so that weapons can join in battle again.
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Bio-medical Grade Tungsten heavy Alloys
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 30 May 2013 17:59
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Owing to its high density of shielding, tungsten heavy alloys is quite ideal for medical radiation shielding of which including Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment(IMRT ),Positron Emission Tomography (PET), collimator, isotope container, and so on.
Tungsten heavy alloys for medical radiation shielding set forth below:
Designation |
Class/Grade |
Standard |
90W-7Ni-3Fe |
Class 1 |
AMS-T-21014 |
91W-6Ni-3Fe |
Class 1 |
AMS-T-21014 |
92W-5Ni-3Fe |
Class 2 |
AMS-T-21014 |
93W-4Ni-3Fe |
Class 2 |
AMS-T-21014 |
95W-3Ni-2Fe |
Class 3 |
AMS-T-21014 |
96W-3Ni-1Fe |
Class 3 |
AMS-T-21014 |
97W-2Ni-1Fe |
Class 4 |
AMS-T-21014 |
90W-6Ni-4Cu |
Class 1;Grade 1 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
90W-7Ni-3Fe |
Class 1;Grade 1 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
92.5W-5.25Ni-2.25Fe |
Class 2;Grade 2 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
95W-3.5Ni-1.5Cu |
Class 3;Grade 3 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
92.5W-3.5Ni-1.5Fe |
Class 3;Grade 3 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
97W-2.1Ni-0.9Fe |
Class 4;Grade 4 |
MIL-T-21014;ASTM-B-459-67 |
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Heat Resistance Tungsten Alloy for Taihang Aero Engine
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Tuesday, 28 May 2013 15:12
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Heat resistance tungsten alloy is a kind of alloys which can work long term under the temperature more than 600℃ and definite pressure. It has a series of complicated properties such as excellent hot strength, good anti oxidation and thermal corrosion resistance, good fatigue property and fracture toughness, etc. Heat resistance tungsten alloy has been the irreplaceable key materials for high-temperature components in military and civil gas turbine engine.
The advancement of Taihang aero engine has close relationship with development of heat resistance tungsten alloy High turbine working temperature is the most significant symbol in Taihang aero engine. Improving turbine working temperature is an important measure to improve thrust and increase thrust weight ratio of Taihang aero engine. While the primary factor having influence on the temperature before engine turbine is materials of turbine blade and turntable which have high-temperature resistance. So designers of engine turbine components try their efforts to search a kind of high-temperature resistance materials for turbine turntable and blade. Advanced heat resistance tungsten alloy satisfies with the need of aero engine for materials, and develops rapidly with the advancement of engine.
Heat resistance tungsten alloy powder is a kind of heat resistance tungsten alloy It is indispensable key materials for advanced aero engine turbine turntable. For several years, heat resistance tungsten alloy powder had made great progress, and been utilized in turbine turntable and diversion turntable of Taihang aero engine. The realization of heat resistance tungsten alloy powder applications in aero engine reduces the gap with advanced technology of developed countries in this industry.
The development of Taihang aero engine, also called as WS-10 was begun at the end of 1980’s. The finalization of design was finished at December 28th, 2005 which had spent 18 years. Taihang aero engine is the first high-performance, high thrust, loading turbofan engine whose intellectual property right is owned by China. Meanwhile, it also fills the gap of advanced turbofan engine in China. Taihan aero engine is the third domestic military turbofan engine which is developed by China Aviation Research Institute 606. The maximum thrust of Taihang aero engine is not more than 12000kg, by adopting high thrust bypass ratio and fully automated digitized control system. At present, Taihang aero engine is mainly equipped in J-10 the third generation high performance fighters in China.
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Tungsten Alloy Material for Shaped Charge Liners
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 29 May 2013 18:23
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The temperature of tungsten alloy material inside shaped charge liners rises from normal temperature to more than 1000℃ and strain rate reaches 1.0×105s-1. So, we can see that the shaping procedure of EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator) is happening under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high strain rate. It is not any materials that can shape complete EFP. It has quite a high claims on the dynamic characteristics of materials under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and high strain rate. The ideal materials for shaped charge liners should have the properties of high melting temperature, high density, high elongation and dynamic strength, etc. Tungsten alloy material is ideal material for shape charged liners. Otherwise, engineering application also should considerate the cost and resources of material. Those materials which are important, high price and short resources are not easily utilized for a wide range.
Tungsten copper alloy shaped charge liners recombine metals which have different function so that can exert the complicated advantages of alloy. Compared with those single-metal shaped charge liners, tungsten copper alloy shaped charge liners have more reasonable transformation and absorption mechanism, more excellent penetration and lower cost. So it has wide prospect for development.
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Tungsten Alloy EFP Projectile Flight Trajectory Model
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Tuesday, 28 May 2013 14:32
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Tungsten alloy is adopted as projectile for EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator) with its high density, high intensity and high ductility. Terminal sensing submunition can detect and distinguish targets in scanning area. When scanning trajectory of terminal sensing submunition scans the target in scanning area, the computer on the penetrator detonates warhead of EFP duly, forming explosive compacting tungsten alloy EFP projectile and attacks armor vehicles from top. Tungsten alloy EFP projectile flight trajectory is the trajectory that EFP projectile flies to the target.
Tungsten alloy EFP projectile is influenced by gravity and air resistance during flying. Gravity bends tungsten alloy EFP projectile flight trajectory and air resistance decreases the flight speed of tungsten alloy EFP projectile. High density of tungsten alloy can weaken the influence on projectile caused by gravity and air resistance. High density means higher density of energy and greater impact force, improving penetrating power. High ductility contributes to forming longer projectile so that highly increasing the depth of penetration. Because the flight speed of EFP is faster than sound velocity by 5~6times, the distance from detonating to target is no more than caliber by 1000 times. For that, the influence on EFP flight trajectory by gravity can be neglected. So tungsten alloy EFP projectile flight trajectory can be considered as straight line trajectory approximately and also can be described by using equation of motion for particle.
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