The impurity elements in tungsten-nickel-iron alloy (W-Ni-Fe) originate from complex sources, primarily involving raw materials, production processes, and environmental media.

Hydrogen’s influence on tungsten-nickel-iron alloy performance—through hydrogen embrittlement, conductivity degradation, and hydrogen retention—can reduce material reliability. However, controlling hydrogen content and enhancing performance can be achieved through alloy design and surface engineering.

In addition to the primary elements tungsten, nickel, and iron, tungsten-nickel-iron alloy contains trace impurity elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus. These impurities can compromise grain boundary integrity, form brittle phases, and reduce the alloy’s conductivity, high-temperature strength, and radiation resistance. Control is achieved through raw material purification and process optimization, such as vacuum sintering. The following outlines the impact of key impurity elements on alloy performance.

Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy (W-Ni-Fe alloy) is a high-density alloy with tungsten as its matrix, allowing for a balance of density, strength, toughness, and cost through the adjustment of the nickel-iron ratio or the addition of trace elements. It is widely used in aerospace, defense, medical devices, and other fields. The alloy’s material composition includes tungsten, nickel, iron, carbon, and other elements.