Radiation is divided into many kinds, such as electromagnetic radiation, nuclear radiation and radioisotopes radiation and so on. Among them, nuclear radiation and radioisotopes radiation are the strongest, which is also do the largest harms to the human bodies, and therefore these two radiation need to be focused on. Currently the main types of nuclear radiation are α-ray radiation, β-ray radiation and γ-ray radiation, the latter two because of its combination of high-speed particles so their penetration power is stronger than α-rays, thus the radiation damage is greater. Due to the instability of atomic nucleus, radioisotopes will continuously emit α rays, β-rays, γ-rays and electron capture, and even decay into another kind of stable isotope.

 

We all know that β-rays and γ-rays, significantly have the radiation hazards like all ionizing radiation, so when using such kinds of rays to test or work, we must control the rays radiation around the operating area, especially for the nuclear reaction, which has a large number of radiation, the effective measures must be taken in order to shield these rays radiation. For example: to make the staff wear thick radiation suits, to install the tungsten alloy shielding in the nuclear reactor device or to install the tungsten alloy doors in the nuclear reaction rooms and so on.