Tungsten Collimators Used in Radiation Therapy

Tungsten collimators are used in linear accelerators used for radiotherapy treatments. Tungsten collimators help to shape the beam of radiation emerging from the machine, they can limit the maximum field size of a beam. The treatment head of a linear accelerator consists of both a primary and secondary collimator. The primary collimator is positioned after the electron beam has reached a vertical orientation. When using photons, it is placed after the beam has passed through the X-ray tungsten target. The secondary collimator is positioned after either a flattening filter (for photon therapy) or a scattering foil (for electron therapy). The secondary collimator consists of two jaws which can be moved to either enlarge or minimize the size of the treatment field.

New systems involving multileaf collimators (MLCs) are used to further shape a beam to localize treatment fields in radiotherapy. MLCs consist of approximately 50–120 leaves of heavy, metal tungsten collimator plates which slide into place to form the desired field shape.

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