Structure of Tungsten Linear Accelerator

A tungsten linear accelerator is a highly specialized machine in which a high frequency (alternating) electric field is used to accelerate electrons, producing high energy X-rays (photons) and electrons.

In operation, an electron gun with a tungsten filament produces electrons, which rides on microwaves down an accelerating waveguide at nearly the speed of light (186,000 miles per second). A powerful bending magnet is used to select the appropriate electron energy (measured in millions of electron volts (MeV)) and send these electrons to impact on a thin tungsten target producing photons (deeply penetrating X-rays). With a flip of a switch, the electrons may bypass the tungsten target and hit a scattering foil to generate a beam of electrons used for non-penetrating or superficial treatments, such as in the treatment of skin cancer. On the way to the patient, the chosen type of radiation beam is made flat and symmetric by using a flattening filter with quadrant monitor chambers. The dose is monitored using ionization chambers, and the beam is constrained and shaped using the 120 tungsten leaf multi-leaf collimator, to cover only the projected target area. These beam modifications correlate with the therapy plan, which produced by treatment planning computer to give the proper sculpted radiation dose to the tumor.

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