Physical Properties of Cut-resistant Tungsten Wire

Cut-resistant tungsten wire is a high-performance tungsten wire renowned for its exceptional cut resistance. Below are its key physical property characteristics:

1. Hardness

Vickers Hardness (HV): Typically ranges from 300 to 500 HV, indicating the material's resistance to indentation on its surface. High hardness is central to its cut-resistant properties.

Rockwell Hardness (HRA): Approximately 60 to 75 HRA, used to assess the material's surface scratch and wear resistance.

High hardness grants tungsten wire outstanding wear and cut resistance, making it excel in applications requiring high abrasion resistance, such as cutting tools and electrical discharge machining.

2. Melting Point

Tungsten has a melting point of 3422°C, the highest among all single metal elements, ensuring structural stability of cut-resistant tungsten wire in extreme high-temperature environments, preventing melting or softening. It suits high-temperature applications like high-temperature furnaces.

3. Density

Density is approximately 19.25 g/cm³ (close to pure tungsten). High density provides the material with excellent impact resistance and inertia but may increase weight.

4. Electrical Conductivity

While tungsten's electrical conductivity (conductivity of about 1.8×10⁷ S/m) is inferior to copper and silver, it is still good among metals. This property makes it suitable for applications requiring electrical conductivity at high temperatures.

5. Thermal Conductivity

Tungsten's thermal conductivity is 173 W/(m·K), higher than most metals, enabling cut-resistant tungsten wire to effectively dissipate heat in high-temperature environments, preventing performance degradation due to localized high temperatures, and enhancing its lifespan and stability.

6. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Low linear coefficient of thermal expansion (about 4.5×10⁻⁶/K), resulting in minimal deformation with temperature changes, suitable for precision instruments or scenarios with large temperature differences.

7. Tensile Strength

Regular tungsten wire has a tensile strength of 2000 to 3000 MPa, while cut-resistant types can reach above 3500 MPa through process optimization, tolerating high tensile forces.

8. Ductility

Poor ductility at room temperature (high brittleness), but plastic deformation can be improved through doping (e.g., adding rhenium) or high-temperature processing.

9. Elastic Modulus

Elastic modulus is approximately 411 GPa, indicating high stiffness with minimal elastic deformation under stress, requiring a balance between stiffness and fracture resistance.

10. High-temperature Resistance

Retains over 80% of its strength above 1000°C, suitable for high-temperature cutting, aerospace engine components, and other scenarios.

11. Wear Resistance

High hardness combined with a dense surface structure results in low friction coefficients, maintaining sharpness and dimensional stability after long-term wear.

12. Fatigue Resistance

High fatigue limit under cyclic loading (e.g., strength retention rate >90% after 10⁷ cycles), suitable for high-frequency cutting or dynamic load applications.

13. Microstructure

Grain size is controlled at the micrometer level through powder metallurgy or wire drawing processes, with high density (porosity <1%), reducing internal defects.

14. Surface Treatment Effects

Coatings (e.g., titanium carbide, tungsten nitride) can enhance surface hardness (above 2000 HV) and corrosion resistance, extending service life.

15. Testing Standards

Hardness Testing: ASTM E384 (Vickers), ASTM E18 (Rockwell);

Tensile Strength: ASTM E8/E8M;

High-temperature Performance: ISO 6892-2 (high-temperature tensile test).

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