Types of Electron Guns

Heated tungsten
A heated filament made from the metal tungsten. Much in the way that an incandescent lightbulb works, the high voltage that is fed through the filament causes electrons to be kicked off the filament. The amount of energy required is known as the work function.

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆)
The LaB₆ filament is also a thermal filament. However, its work function is lower than for a tungsten filament, so it is more efficient.

Tungsten field emission gun (FEG)
The FEG gun is not a thermal filament. Instead, electrons are expelled by applying a very powerful electric field very close to the filament tip. The size and proximity of the electric field to the electron reservoir in the filament causes the electrons to tunnel out of the reservoir.

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