Tungsten Oxide Quantum Effect

Tungsten oxide quantum effect refers to the tungsten oxide particle size down to a certain value, the Fermi level near the electronic energy level from quasi-continuous to discrete energy levels or widen the gap phenomenon. When the energy level changes more than thermal energy, light energy and electromagnetic energy, the magnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal, electrical and superconducting properties of tungsten oxide particles are significantly different from those of conventional materials.

Quantum mechanics, the quantum tunneling effect is a quantum character. Electrons are both strong particles and have obvious volatility, this property of the particle energy below the barrier height of the case still can penetrate the barrier, so there is a quantum effect. Researchers have found that some macroscopic physical quantities of materials, such as the magnetization of microparticles and the magnetic flux in quantum coherent devices, also appear quantum effects, which are called macroscopic quantum effects.

The band theory shows that at high temperature or macro-size, the electron levels near the Fermi level in the tungsten oxide tend to be continuous. That is, large particles or macroscopic objects have almost zero energy levels. In nanomaterials, when the size of nano tungsten oxide particles decreases to a certain threshold, the electron energy level near the Fermi level in the tungsten oxide changes from quasi-continuous to discrete and widens the energy gap, which is called the quantum effect. The appearance of this phenomenon has led to tungsten oxide materials exhibiting different abnormalities from macroscopic objects.

For example, ordinary silver conductor, nano silver is an insulator. Moreover, the quantum effect brings about the change of the energy level. When the electron gap becomes wider, the emission energy of the particle increases, and when the energy is absorbed, it moves to the short wavelength direction, which visually shows the change of the color of the sample. For example, metallic platinum is silver white, while nano metallic platinum is black.

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