Tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding can be broadly classified into three categories. These three categories are labeled with the first three letters of the Greek alphabet: α(alpha), β (beta) and γ (gamma). Alpha radiation consists of a stream of fast-moving helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons). As such, an alpha particle is relatively heavy and carries two positive electrical charges. Beta radiation consists of fast-moving electrons or positron (an antimatter electron). A beta particle is much lighter than an alpha, and carries one unit of charge. Gamma radiation consists of photons, which are without mass and carry no charge. X-rays are also photons, but carry less energy than gammas. Some materials absorb beta rays. You can measure this absorption by fixing beta source and a radiation monitor so their positions do not change.

Tungsten heavy alloy has high absorption rate on X rays and gamma rays. Tungsten is 60% better than lead in shielding against X rays and gamma radiation therefore; it can be significantly reduced in size.

Tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding also has another characteristic, very high melting point. By this, tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding can be used in high temperature which can not be used with lead, for example nuclear scrap container.

Due to its unique characteristics, people use tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding in medicine, Tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding, such as collimator, tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding, beamline, PET syringe shield, vial shield, tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding is used to protect workers from the radioactive sources of the scanner used in security and aerodrome, coach stop, etc. Tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding is also used in the equipment of industrial radiography, pipe-line inspection (collimator or tungsten alloy nuclear radiation shielding).


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Accelerator is short for tungsten alloy particle accelerator. There are various kinds of tungsten alloy particle accelerator. According to the different energy of particles being accelerated, tungsten alloy particle accelerator can be classified into high energy particle accelerator (GeV grade), moderate energy particle accelerator (above 2000MeV) and low energy particle accelerator (below 50MeV). Based on the different accelerating orbit of particles being accelerated, tungsten alloy particle accelerator can be classified into liner accelerator and cyclotron.

Electronic liner accelerator and electronic induction accelerator used for radiotherapeutics belong to low energy tungsten alloy particle accelerator. Electronic liner accelerator belongs to liner accelerator. Electronic induction accelerator is attributed to cyclotron. Electron energy output by electronic liner accelerator is usually 5~40MeV and electron energy output by electronic induction accelerator is usually 4~45MeV. The two accelerators can transfer electron into X-ray through target.

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Sintered tungsten alloy rod can not be worked mechanically while cold. It is so hard that it cannot be machined by sharp edge tools, but has to be brought into desire shapes by high temperature hammering or cold grinding. The rough anode head for the Universal tube is formed from a sintered tungsten alloy rod in a swaging machine which is a nicely controlled high speed hammer used in this case to reduce, by successive operations the diameter of the a sintered tungsten alloy rod.

Sintered tungsten alloy rod is heated to about 1600°C in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas in an electric furnace, and is then rapidly passed through, the swaging machine. In this operation the diameter of sintered tungsten alloy rod is reduced 10 percent. The rod is then re-heated in the furnace and is ready for the next pair of swaging dies, which will again reduce its diameter by 10 per cent. When the rod is at the required diameter for the head of the anode, the end of the rod only is swaged down to form the taper and straight portion to which the molybdenum stem is attached. After rough grinding to approximate size and shape, the anode head and molybdenum stem are swaged together. The assembly is completed by the addition of an iron collar and a thin metal tube and the finished anode is then polished and very carefully cleaned.


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Ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation which can make atom or atomic group produce ionization. Electromagnetic radiation which can cause ionization contains X-ray and γ-ray. Ionizing radiation contains α-ray, β-ray, neutron, proton and other charged particle. In nuclear medical, primary source of radioactivity is various kind of radioactive medicine, unsealed source also called as open source. Its characteristic is spreading easily and polluting working space and environment. Working space of operating unsealed source has externalir radiation exposure caused by X-ray, γ-ray andβ-ray. It also has internal radiation exposure caused by radionuclide which is produced by radioactive pollution entering into organism.

In recent years, PET/CT centers have been established in some large medical therapy units gradually, in China. Source of radioactivity is more complicated. It comes from the externalir radiation exposure and internal exposure radiation caused by radionuclide of positron which utilized by tungsten alloy PET and marked medicine. It also comes from externalir radiation exposure produced by tungsten alloy CT. It even comes from externalir radiation exposure and induced radioactivity caused by small cyclotron when producing radioactive element and internal radiation exposure caused by pollution of radionuclide. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can be used for protecting doctors and patients from ionizing radiation.


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