tungsten polymer radiation shielding
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 15 July 2015 15:35
- Written by wenjing
- Hits: 338
In most cases, high-density materials are more effective than low-density alternatives for blocking or reducing the intensity of radiation. However, low-density materials can compensate for the disparity with increased thickness, which is as significant as density in shielding applications. While lead is the most suitable element for the prevention of the movement and penetration of the radiation there is also a better solution. Tungsten polymers are the next big thing.
The popularity of tungsten polymers is slowly rising due to the fact that tungsten is disposable unlike lead which has become an environmental hazard of late. Lead is not biologically degradable whereas tungsten is and thus the decrease in popularity. Tungsten polymers also do not pose any health risks associated with lead. The primary application of tungsten polymers is in replacing lead, for which these polymers are already being utilized extensively.
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Tungsten Polymer Radiation Shielding
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 15 July 2015 15:31
- Written by wenjing
- Hits: 341
Tungsten (W) is a very heavy metal powder that is compatible with virtually all polymers at very high loadings by weight. It is dark gray in color and can produce a matte finish in high concentrations, providing substantial restrictions for color matching. Tungsten polymer (also known as tungsten poly) is a composition of various resins and tungsten powder which are mixed together through special metallurgical technology. Due to tungsten polymer has high density (13g/cc), excellent radiation attenuation properties, and environmental friendly, it is widely used to produced radiation shielding. Tungsten polymer radiation shielding can be abrasive on processing equipment, and it is a filler of choice in very thin walled devices where radiopacity.
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Light Conversion Efficiency of Calcium Tungstate Using A Light Intensifier Tube
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Tuesday, 14 July 2015 19:07
- Written by xinyi
- Hits: 372
A technique which may be used to determine the light conversion efficiency (defined below) of thin fluorescent crystals is presented. The illuminance associated with the visible spectrum emitted by the material under a pulse of x rays and incident on a light intensifier tube is amplified by the tube and is eventually recorded by a photographic film placed on the other side of the tube. A calibration curve relating the conversion efficiency of the crystal (regarded as an unknown variable) and the resulting film density is first obtained analytically. This is then used, in conjunction with the experimentally measured film density, to yield the conversion efficiency. An application of this technique was made to the case of a calcium tungstate crystal, for which a conversion efficiency of [equiation] was determined.
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The First-Order Raman Spectrum of Calcium Tungstate
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Tuesday, 14 July 2015 19:09
- Written by xinyi
- Hits: 356
The lattice-vibration Raman spectrum of calcium tungstate has been measured, using excitation by a He-Ne laser. Eleven of the thirteen long-wave-length phonon modes which are Raman active in first order have been detected. Polarization studies have revealed the group-theoretical symmetries of ten of the phonons. The linewidths and relative intensities of the Raman peaks have also been measured. These results complement the information obtained from the infra-red reflection spectrum of calcium tungstate. The frequencies of the infrared and Raman active phonons are discussed in terms of the normal modes of the lattice.
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The Low-Temperature Anisotropic Thermal Expansion of Calcium Tungstate
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Tuesday, 14 July 2015 19:05
- Written by xinyi
- Hits: 320
Interferometric measurements of the linear thermal expansion coefficients are reported for thec andacrystallographic axis directions of calcium tungstate in the temperature range 30–270°K. The results are believed to be accurate to within 2% at 270°K, falling to 25% at 30°K. The reduced mean Grüneisen parameter (χ s γ mean ) = βV/C t, calculated from the volume expansion coefficient β and earlier heat-capacity measurements, falls with diminishing temperature. Detailed identification of contributions to the thermodynamic properties arising from translational, rotational, and internal modes of vibration is prevented by spectral overlap. The quasiharmonic approximation has been applied to calculate provisional reduced moments of a representative vibrational frequency spectrum, which are in qualitative accord with earlier findings based upon observations of infrared reflection and first-order Raman spectra.
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