Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a non-toxic n-type semiconductor with an indirect and general wide band gap in the range of 2.4-3.6 eV. Therefore, it is an excellent candidate for applications in various fields of industry, medicine, science and military engineering. This effect is due to the unique properties of tungsten oxide nanostructures and their composite materials, such as excellent thermal corrosion resistance and good ductility, high density, strength and elastic modulus, amazing antibacterial activity, and efficient heat and activity Oxygen (ROS) production through light interaction.

The main source for water and soil pollutions is hazardous colorants in waste water discharged from textile industries. Rhodamine B (RhB) is the most used dye in the textile industries hence it is widely considered as a typical water pollutant. Among the several methods available today, the removal of Rhodamine B dye from the textile waste water via photocatalytic degradation has received much attention from researchers because it can convert the Rhodamine B dye into water, carbon di-oxide and mineral acids without creating secondary pollutants.

As a typical exhaust gas from industry and automobiles, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) not only causes environmental problems, but also affects the human health. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an n-type semiconductor oxide, which has proven to be particularly suitable for detecting NO2 gas.

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the most popular renewable energy equipment, which has been studied for its light weight, simple manufacturing process, low cost, transparency, good plasticity, and environmental friendliness. The photoanode is one of the main factors affecting the energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The efficiency of DSSC-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) is significantly limited by the high interface photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate and the low electron mobility of the TiO2 photoanode.