Across the vast and boundless ocean, ships and marine engineering structures are like drifting "islands," constantly facing the challenges of a complex and ever-changing marine environment. The relentless pounding of waves, the fierce blowing of sea winds, the periodic rise and fall of tides, and the continuous impact of ocean currents all place extremely high demands on the stability of marine engineering structures and ships. A slight misstep could cause a ship to lose balance, leading to cargo damage or threats to personnel safety. Similarly, stability issues in marine engineering structures could disrupt operations, result in significant economic losses, and cause severe environmental damage.

As a typical tungsten product, tungsten wire is a fine filament made by forging and drawing tungsten rods, known in English as tungsten wire, with a tungsten content generally exceeding 99.95%. However, due to the high hardness and brittleness of metallic tungsten, which makes processing difficult, small amounts of potassium oxide, silicon oxide, and aluminum oxide are often added during production. The resulting modified tungsten wire is commonly referred to as doped tungsten wire, 218 tungsten wire, or non-sagging tungsten wire, offering superior overall performance compared to pure tungsten wire.

Like sodium tungsten bronze (NaₓWO₃) and potassium tungsten bronze (KₓWO₃), ammonium tungsten bronze ((NH₄)ₓWO₃) is also a type of tungsten bronze. Although NaₓWO₃, KₓWO₃, and (NH₄)ₓWO₃ share similar crystal structures, such as cubic or tetragonal forms, their physicochemical properties and applications differ slightly due to the varying elements added.

As a typical representative of rare earth tungsten electrodes, the cerium-tungsten electrode is an electrode product with an appropriate amount of cerium oxide added to a tungsten base. It is a non-radioactive, refractory, or non-consumable metal electrode material, serving as the preferred substitute for thorium-tungsten electrodes. Known in English as the cerium tungsten electrode, it features a gray color-coded tip. The cerium oxide content is generally 2%, with electrode diameters ranging from 0.5 mm to 12.0 mm and lengths of 150 mm or 175 mm.