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Tungsten Copper Tube Type Divetor Component Developed Successfully

Details: Category: Tungsten's News; Published on Thursday, 07 July 2016 15:19; Written by tang; Hits: 640

Chinese Academy of Sciences for the ITER plasma has developed through tungsten copper tube type divertor components small modules completed high heat load test on the specified test platform, six test modules submitted all through testing and certification. It indicates that Chinese scientists have already with capacities that developed tungsten copper tube type divertor components for ITER.

Divetor component is the necessary ways for tokamak discharge in the process of controlling impurities and fuel recycling; exhaust heat and particle flow and helium ash from the center of the plasma, which also are the most critical components of ITER device.

The design specifications of tungsten copper tube type structural component are to withstand high thermal loads irradiation of 5000 10MW / m2 and 300 20MW / m2. However, since the thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus with greatly difference between tungsten material and tungsten copper alloy heat sink materials, the surface of tungsten copper will in higher thermal stress when it in the process of preparation and application. So tungsten copper tube type components is too difficult to developing.

The test module through the 5000 series of 10MW / m2 and 1000 20MW / m2 heat load cycle electron beam irradiation, exceeding the requirements of ITER. Which approved the plasma tungsten copper divertor’s advanced technology development. ITER Director-General Bernard Bigot be given due recognition and appreciation.

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Surface Morphology during Tungsten Electrode Operation

Details: Category: Tungsten's News; Published on Wednesday, 06 July 2016 18:49; Written by yiping; Hits: 663

After 5 seconds arcing, observed tungsten electrode surface morphology found, the tip of electrode has many projections. And this is mainly because the tip affected by current and high-frequency the surface rudimental oxygen will react with tungsten to generate volatile tungsten oxide under heat effect and since arcing was carried out in an argon atmosphere, so the tungsten oxide which produced at the tip will take away by argon gas, leaving relatively clean tungsten grain. However, with arcing time increase, the tungsten which in the middle part of the tip tungsten will react with residual oxygen to produce tungsten oxide. And this tungsten oxide will bring to the top of tip which has higher temperature by argon flow. During the process, tungsten oxide decomposition occurs to form metal tungsten. Besides, tungsten deposition led to form the projection on the tip. However, this structure is prone to produce high frequency discharge and plasma. Not only tungsten and oxygen can react to produce gaseous tungsten oxide, but low-melting substance such as rare earth nitrate in tungsten electrode during arcing process will have diffusion, migration, volatilization and deposition, which is conducive to high-frequency arc starting and stable arcing.

After one minute arcing, observed morphology found due to longer arcing electrode material has undergone obvious recrystallization. The tungsten film which deposited at the before affected by heat will along the grain to growth and only new deposited tungsten film shows amorphous membranous tissue. In the one minute arcing, the tungsten electrode surface covered with typically equiaxed recrystallized structure tungsten film.

After 5 minutes arcing, the root of tip, due to the lower temperature so there is showing processing state fibrous tissue. In addition, compared the electrode tip morphology after five minutes arcing and one minute arcing found there is little change in appearance, indicating that arcing after one minute the electrode enters a relatively stable state and can stable work .

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Tungsten Market: ‘Winter is Coming’

Details: Category: Tungsten's News; Published on Wednesday, 06 July 2016 11:12; Written by Cristina; Hits: 641

With the finish of hot American TV Series <Game of Thrones> Season 6, ‘the winter is really coming’ after all these 6 seasons. All of us have an expectation for who will finally reign the seven kingdoms and let’s wait and see what will happen in Season 7 in 2017.

Coincidentally, tungsten market has entered the traditional slack season in July and August with the break of European & American countries. That’s why we say that ‘winter is coming’.

National tungsten market has been settled in an awkard situation for a long time. Not only for the decreased demand, but also the uncertainty sentiment of market participants. The summer break of European and American countries will absolutely have negative influence on the tungsten market. However, price of tungsten shall never fall to such a low level. After all, the value of tungsten is far from this. In October, 2015, national tungsten products price slacked to the bottom since 2004. All the special factors brew and cause the result. People would reckon that will tungsten price falls again to the bottom of last year?

Tungsten Concentrate Price Trend

Since May, 2016, price of APT falls down for 30 thousand RMB/ton since it increases about 130 thousand RMB/ton, which has been just a month. It that were not enough, tungsten slack season is coming which results in delay of recovery. Price of APT has been below 100 thousand RMB/ton, will it be below 90 thousand/ton? Since the winter is already coming, we should focus on how to stay warm and struggle through this period instead of talking about the temperature.

APT Price Trend

Tungsten powder purchase amount has shown the backdrop, as well as tungsten carbide products. Although the market is depressed, the falling and increasing of price has its own sequence. All of us should have a rational reflection on this serious situation. The falling of price is not necessarily a good thing, it would be best chance for regular customers to purchase some stock. There may be downtick anytime due to special reasons of funds, stock, product and customer. Manufacturer should have the theory of always keep the quality of products. Customer service and comprehensive strength are the key points in such depressed market.

Let’s keep enthusiastic attitude to stay optimistic for the ‘winter’ of tungsten market in such hot hot summer.

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5 Companies Fined More Than 3.5 Million Yuan, WO3 Desulfurization Catalyst Reduces Acid Rain

Details: Category: Tungsten's News; Published on Wednesday, 06 July 2016 17:53; Written by chunyan; Hits: 670

Recently, media reports said Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of Yunnan Province have maken out the illegal administrative penalties of 5 electric powder enterprises for confiscating their illegal incomes, the total illegal incomes of more than 3.50 million. It is reported that the major reason of the five electric powder enterprises to be punished including that generated and outwardly supplied electricity during the outage of desulphurization facilities, related emission concentration index hourly average exceeds the limit but still requires enforcement of environmental price, and so on. In this regard, I express my deep sorrow, as well as have no more agree for the treatment of NDRC, how dare they generated power under the outage of desulphurization facilities? Today, the whole world is doing environmental protection work, and you commit a crime in spite of a law-enforcement campaign, anyone without you not to be punished?

tungsten trioxide and desulfurization catalyst

The pollution of sulfur dioxide has exceed the smoke pollution and become the first atmospheric pollutants, with the world’ industrialization continues to deepen. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is currently the world's only desulfurization method of large-scale commercial applications, and also the most effective and main technical means to control acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution. Desulfurization tower is commonly used in desulfurization facilities, and the desulfurization catalyst is a core technology used in desulfurization project, the surface of WO₃desulfurization catalyst has tension which can reduce the surface tension of limestone slurry and the critical nucleus radius, thereby strengthening the bisulfite oxidation precipitation of gypsum, to achieve the goal of sulfur dioxide emission reduction.

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) is an important intermediate product from tungsten concentrates to pure tungsten; the large amounts of WO₃are used in the production of pure tungsten, tungsten carbide, etc; In addition, as WO₃has catalytic property, it can either as the main catalyst (photocatalyst), and also can be used for preparing denitrification, desulfurization catalyst. In the desulfurization catalyst, WO₃as a main active material which uniformly loading on the carrier, serve to reduce the desulfurization reaction activation energy, and also play the roles of anti vulcanization, anti-sintering of carrier, thereby enhance the desulfurization efficiency and achieve the goal of emission reduction.

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Natural Gas May Be Chinese First Choice of Energy Transformation, WO3 Denitration Catalyst Controls NOx

Details: Category: Tungsten's News; Published on Tuesday, 05 July 2016 18:31; Written by chunyan; Hits: 538

On the activity of "G20 Gas Day" which held on June 29th, the experts pointed out that, compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas has the advantages of low pollution, low emission; while the utilization of natural gas is relatively flexible, and can compensate for the disadvantages of the unstable state of renewable energy, therefore, in the process of Chinese restructuring and optimization of energy, natural gas will be the first choice of transitional energy.

However, while natural gas is considered as a clean fuel, it does not mean that it will not pollute the environment, at the same time, it also increases the total emissions of nitrogen oxides; especially within the family use, the flue gas directly emissions have brought some pressure to the environment protection. Combustion products of natural gas are NOx (the complete combustion product is: nitrogen dioxide; incomplete combustion product is: NO), water, carbon dioxide (incomplete combustion product is: carbon monoxide) and so on, or may contain sulfur dioxide and other toxic substances, which mainly depends on the composition of natural gas. Therefore, the denitration project of combustion exhaust gas of natural gas is very necessary.

denitration catalyst and natural gas pipeline

TiO₂-WO₃-V₂O₅ ceramic honeycomb denitration catalyst is a typical SCR catalyst, is the core of the SCR denitration system in industrial, its efficient and reliable operation determines the denitration efficiency. In the component of WO₃denitration catalyst, the titanium dioxide plays the carrier role for loading active substance, which accounting for about 85% of the total catalyst mass; vanadium pentoxide is the main active substance, accounting for about 7%; WO₃as catalyst promoter, takes an amount of about 10%, which primarily plays the role of anti-sulfide, poisoning resistance, and while increasing the temperature adaptability and thermal stability, thus to avoid the occurrence of the carrier being sintered and deactivation under a high temperatures in a short time.