Using HIP technology after vacuum sintering, tungsten carbide buttons will be harder, tougher and have good wear resistance and anti-corrosion. However, it costs too much to popularize. With the rapid development of technology, low pressure hot isostatic pressing appeared in the 1980s, which was based on HIP and made some improvements, It has lower pressure than HIP and combines sintering with other processes. It not only reduces the cost, but also remarkably improving the properties of tungsten carbide nozzle. In addition, low pressure hot isostatic pressing is widely used in wolfram (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti) and some other refractory metals.











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However, there are some problems of tungsten carbide nozzle hot pressed sintering still exist, such as the complicated producing equipments, the control is strict, the limit of material, large energy consumption and low efficiency. After vacuum sintering, optimizes tungsten carbide nozzle by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), which can exclude the pores and structural defects inside the cemented carbide and enhance densification of the material. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a process with high temperature and pressure through, the heating temperature is usually 1000°C-2000°C, the working pressure reaches 200MPa, and uses high-pressure inert gas or nitrogen in a sealed container as the pressure transmission medium, which excerts a uniform pressure for the material under the high temperature and high pressure. In the late of 1960s, HIP technology has been widely used in tungsten carbide.














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Hot pressed sintering is a kind of process that pressure excert a pressure to the blank and heat from the axial direction, which put complete sintering and molding together and realize densification. The feature of hot pressed sintering is the heating and pressing process is simultaneous, and the powder is in the thermoplastic state, which is beneficial for helping contact diffusion of particles and flow transfer. Therefore, the pressure of forming is lower, and not only reduces the sintering temperature, but also reduce the sintering time, which contain the growth of the grains.

The product has fine grain, high density, good mechanical properties, physical and chemical properties. Compared to vacuum sintering at sintering process which has larger pores and larger grains, hot pressing sintering enables the stored distortion by vacuum annealing heat treatment method can recrystallize grains and reduce the grain and  ultra-fine carbide can be obtained.
















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High/Low tungsten dart rule are actually two mostly identical games: High and Low. Most people find Low to be the more fun version. These are games that can be played with any number of players, including an odd number. The more people that play, the more fun they are.

The Object: To be the only person in the game with any lives left.

The Scoring: Names are written in any order down the left side of the scoreboard. Usually a throw of one dart each sets the playing order with closet to the bulls-eye throwing first. After the first game, play order is played with whoever lost first plays first on down to the winner playing last. Three tally marks are placed next to each name to indicate the number of lives left and High or Low is written on the top to indicate the version being played.

The Play: First, I'm going to explain High because it is simpler than Low. The first player throws two darts simultaneously to set a starting number. The first player has no chance to lose a life and therefore is handicapped from hitting a really good score to put the next player at a higher risk. The sum of the two darts is written on the board, this is the target number for the next player.

The next player throws three darts in the traditional manner trying to score a higher total than the previous player. Remember that higher means higher, ties to the number don’t count unless the score is over 100 points.

If a player has scored higher than the previous player, no life is lost. If the score was not higher the player erases one life. Either way, that player's score is the new score for the next player to beat. The old score is erased or crossed out and the new score written on the board.

Play continues until only one player has any lives left and he/she wins.

Now let's talk about Low. Low is played exactly like High except that you must score LOWER than the previous player's score to not lose a life. "Easy, I'll just throw all three darts off the board!" wrong. Any darts that miss or fall out of the board count as 25 points!

Another twist to this game is that if you hit a bulls-eye, 25 points are subtracted from your score! So, if you mange to somehow hit three double bulls-eyes, your score would be -150 (negative one-hundred-fifty)!

If you've played x01 before, you'll be absolutely astounded by how many triple-20's you'll hit while aiming for the fat single-1!

Strategy: These games really don't have much strategy. When I play Low, I always like to throw the first dart at bull in hopes of starting my total with -25 or -50.

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Futbol tungsten dart rule is kind of an odd game that really sharpens your ability to hit bulls-eyes. This game can be played with 2 players or 2 teams.

The Object: To score at least the same number of points faster than your opponent was able to.

The Scoring: Four tallies are marked each side of the board to represent the four "downs" that the offense possesses the ball. The player’s names are written at the top of each column.

The Play: Both players throw one dart at bulls-eye, closest to the bull throws first and has the option of "receiving the ball". If the player "receives" he will play offense first and try to score points. If the player chooses not to receive he will play defense and try to stop the other player from scoring too many points.

The offensive player throws first and tries to score as high a score as possible with three darts. The thin outer ring is the "double" and counts as two time the number scored. The thin inner ring is the "triple" and counts as three times the number scored. Score less than 41 with three darts do not count. Any score 41 or greater is added to the offensive player's score.

Next, the defensive player throws three darts at bulls-eye. Any darts that hit the bulls-eye remove one down each (two if it is a double bulls-eye). Erase one tally from the offensive player's side for each bulls-eye the defense scored.

Play continues alternating players until the defense has removed all four downs from the offensive player. Once all four downs are removed, "possession of the ball" is turned over to the original defensive player. The offensive player now plays defense and the defensive player now plays offense.

The goal of the new offensive player is to score more points than the original offensive player scored.

Strategy: There really is no strategy for this game, it's really just a game of accuracy. The only hint I can offer is that misses around the 19 score more than misses around the 20.

 

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Tungsten carbide nozzle vacuum sintering technology has been widely used in 1860s. The principle is that all the gas has been completely escape from the pores before sintering so that the density of tungsten carbide products has been greatly improved. Its advantage is that the wettability of binder phase Co is improving in vacuum, especially for P types and M types alloy contains TiC and (Ti, W) C.

Secondly, the state of the furnace hydrogen is more stable, which make products not easy to carburizing or decarburization, while the product does not require packing separated and protected, which non-adhesive surface of the product and metal deposits. Last but not least, oxygen and other gases are more easily to exclude in vacuum, which reduces the impurity between WC hard phase and Co binder phase so that the quality of tungsten carbide nozzle is improved.



















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Sintering is a kind of processing that makes fine powder particles are bonded through heating process, namely turns the powdered materials into compact. This is a traditional process, which people take advantage of sintering for powder metallurgy, ceramics, fireproofing and heat resistance materials, etc. In general, after powder molding, the compact by sintering is a polycrystalline material, which is composed of crystal, vitreous and pore. The sintering process directly affects the microstructure of the grain size, pore size and the shape and distribution of grain boundaries, which is related with material properties.

In addition, problems due to the sintering will be difficult to make up by following procedure so that the choice of the sintering process has also been an aspect of the practical production for considering. At present, the common sintering methods are vacuum sintering, microwave sintering, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) combined with microwave sintering, etc.













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According to the theoretical analysis and experimental research, for electric ultrasonic atomization, we will focus on the use of image solution technology in the piezoelectric transducer performance parameters, frequency and amplitude of the excitation voltage, the jet diameter and speed. Excitation voltage is higher, the more easily broken jet improve excitation voltage and tungsten carbide atomizing nozzle working conditions.

In addition, the nozzle chamber longitudinal gap exists an optimum value, which the closer gap between the value of the jet is more easily broken. The smaller the diameter of the nozzle, the more easily the formation of droplets, and the influence of other parameters weakened, which requires filtering to improve the accuracy of media. The hydrodynamic atomization quality mainly depends on the export flow velocity and atomizer produce audible vibration, and there is a critical value. If the air velocity is higher than the critical value, the atomization quality will be significantly improved.















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Therefore, ultrasonic atomizer improves the efficiency of combustion, reduces the discharge of smoke and nitrogen oxide, which saves energy. However, it has complicated mechanism, which in the way of applications. For ultrasonic atomizer burners can be divided into two kinds by the different sources of ultrasonic sound, which is electric power and fluid. The atomizer ultrasonic generator of tungsten carbide ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is independent of the outside provided separately. The principle is that when the fuel from liquid into the tube, under surface tension and the impact of affinity, after the formation of a thin film is atomized.

This atomizer has wide adjustment range, compact structure and is suitable for small oil atomizer, but requires a higher solid exterior electrical equipment cost. While another tungsten carbide hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizer ultrasonic generator is on the nozzle, and the principle is take advantage of high-speed jet ejected impact excitation resonant cavity vibrate, generating high-intensity sound waves, resulting in fuel injection zone and the combustion zone provide a gas acoustic vibration, to achieve efficient combustion and obtained atomized. Processing capacity due to its wide range of operating pressure, and when the air flow is subsonic or supersonic conditions, can get higher sound pressure, nozzle structure is relatively simple, low cost, and therefore have broad application prospects.





















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Cullen Resources has recently completed three exploration drill holes testing targets in the Doyenwae and Trig Orr prospects of its Minter Project area about 50 kilometres northwest of West Wyalong in central NSW. Target areas were based on previously identified wolfram (tin and arsenic) geochemistry anomalies from soil sampling and prior shallow drilling. The company is targeting tungsten stockwork and vein-type mineralisation associated with granite cupolas of the Silurian Kikoira Granite. Drilling in 2012 intersected multiple scheelite-bearing quartz veins in sediments. Higher grade intercepts included one metre at 0.70% WO₃, 4.05 metres at 0.58% WO₃ and 1.4 metres at 136% WO₃. Cullen indicated in March 2013 that it was seeking a farm-in partner.



 

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