The samples were decomposed by oxalic acid-hydrogen peroxide and the influence of acidity and interfering ions on the determination results of copper were investigated A method for the determination of copper content in the ferrotungsten by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was proposed.

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. It is more specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared, but does not cover time-resolved spectroscopic techniques.

Spectrophotometry uses photometers that can measure a light beam's intensity as a function of its color (wavelength) known as spectrophotometers. Important features of spectrophotometers are spectral bandwidth, (the range of colors it can transmit through the test sample), and the percentage of sample-transmission, and the logarithmic range of sample-absorption and sometimes a percentage of reflectance measurement.

 

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The sample is decomposed with sodium superoxide,than to separate iron and manganese from tungsten and molybdenum. After complexing the tungsten with citric acid,the molybdenum content is determined in about 11 mol/L sulfuric acid with thiocyanate spectrometric method using copper salt as catalyst and sulfocarbamide as reductant. The analytical results are satisfactoty.

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula C6H8O7. It is a natural preservative which is present in citrus fruits. It is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks. In biochemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, citrate, is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. It consists of 3 carboxyl (R-COOH) groups.

Citric acid is a commodity chemical, and more than a million tons are produced every year by fermentation. It is used mainly as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and as a chelating agent.

 

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Systems and methods for refining or otherwise processing tungsten alloys, including ferrotungsten powder and articles formed therefrom, and methods for detecting the presence of the same. The methods include at least one of magnetically-separating and particle-size-separating ferrotungsten or ferrotungsten-containing powder. In some embodiments, powder may be separated to remove fine particles, and optionally to separate the remaining particles into fractions containing selected particle size distributions. The powder additionally or alternatively may be separated into at least magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. In some embodiments, portions of two or more size and/or magnetism fractions are mixed to provide a ferrotungsten-containing feedstock. Selected fractions resulting from the size and magnetism separation steps may be utilized to provide a ferrotungsten-containing feedstock from which articles are produced and which may include additional components.

 

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Desulfurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. This can involve either the removal of sulfur from a molecule (e.g. A=S → A:) or the removal of sulfur compounds from a mixture such as petrochemicals or flue gases.

Many of these processes are of great industrial and environmental importance as they provide the bulk of sulfur used in industry (Claus process and Contact process) and also reduce the release of harmful sulfur compounds into the environment (hydrodesulfurization, flue-gas desulfurization); particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) which leads to acid rain.

It introduces crafts and related factors of desulphurization and dearsenication craft under vacuum for ferro-tungsten. By adapting to the craft, the average arsenic content in ferrotungsten can reach 0. 0352% , the average sulfur content in alloy can reach 0. 0152%, the average dearsenication ratio and desulphurization ratio can reach 27% and 76% respectively.

 

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In line with the mechanism of the suitable basic slag,which can be formed at the melting oxygen stage in the basic electric arc furnace,can remove most of phosphorus in the molten steel,we add certain volume of scheelite during the smelting ferrotungsten process. Slag basicity can be increased and foamed-slag can be formed to remove the phosph-prus in ferrotungsten at the refining stage.

Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula CaWO4. It is an important ore of tungsten. Well-formed crystals are sought by collectors and are occasionally fashioned into gemstones when suitably free of flaws. Scheelite has been synthesized via the Czochralski process; the material produced may be used to imitate diamond, as a scintillator, or as a solid state lasing medium. It was also used in radium paint in the same fashion as was zinc sulphide, and Thomas Edison invented a fluoroscope with a calcium tungstate-coated screen, making the images six times brighter that those with barium platinocyanide; the latter chemical allowed Röntgen to discover X-rays in early November 1895.

 

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Colorimetry (American English) or Colourimetry (British English; see spelling differences) is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception." It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.

According to the characteristic of tungsten being complexed in medium of phosphoric acid, the specimen is reduced via stannous chloride, catalyzed by titanium trichloride, in strongly acidic medium, tungsten and thiocyanate form yellow complex, and then photometric analysis is made.

 

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Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula CaWO4. It is an important ore of tungsten. Well-formed crystals are sought by collectors and are occasionally fashioned into gemstones when suitably free of flaws. Scheelite has been synthesized via the Czochralski process; the material produced may be used to imitate diamond, as a scintillator, or as a solid state lasing medium. It was also used in radium paint in the same fashion as was zinc sulphide, and Thomas Edison invented a fluoroscope with a calcium tungstate-coated screen, making the images six times brighter that those with barium platinocyanide; the latter chemical allowed Röntgen to discover X-rays in early November 1895.

In smelting ferrotungsten,using sheelite concentrate to substitute partly wolframite concentrate. By reforming process,charging an enormous amount of low phosphorous,low calcium oxide and high iron oxide during refining,picking and diluting stages respectively,then can decrease the ferrotungsten production cost and obtain obvious benefit.

 

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