Pesticides are crucial part of the farming industry as they can be used to control the insects and weeds for better crop yields. Therefore, the use of pesticides is essential in agricultural and veterinary practices to protect the crops worldwide. However, extensive usage of pesticides would cause toxicity of soils and environmental pollution.

As people pay more attention to indoor air pollution, feasible gas sensor that operates at room temperature has caught huge interest. Conventional materials applied in home gas sensing include polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), polyaniline (Pani).

Transition metal photodetectors operating from visible to ultraviolet (UV) have gained a lot scientific interest owing to its great potential to apply in industry. Tungsten is a transition metals, some tungsten oxides such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have excellent photo response properties to be used in photo detection.

Tungsten–copper (W–Cu) composites are extensively used in aerospace, military equipment, electronics, and chemical engineering because of their merits, like high electrical/thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and outstanding strength/thermal properties of W.

Direct solar water splitting driven by inexpensive semiconducting materials is an attractive method to produce hydrogen as a zero-greenhouse gas emission fuel. During the past three decades, however, it has been shown that the main challenge consists in identifying materials that are stable under illumination in aqueous solutions, efficiently absorb sunlight, and induce efficient water splitting. Due to their inherent stability against oxidation and low cost, semiconducting oxides are promising materials to be employed in this process. Unfortunately, relatively fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, either in the bulk or at the surface, and slow charge transfer kinetics from the semiconductor to the electrolyte solution restrict their performance.

Monoclinic ammonium paratungstate, (APT, NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O ) which will be referred to as APT, is widely used as the industrial feedstock for the production of tungsten carbide, WC for the powder metallurgical production of tungsten filaments, for various tungsten heavy alloys and also as starting material for producing ammonium metatungstate (AMT), which is utilized in the catalyst industry.

Due to widely use of fossil fuels, the environmental issues and climate change has been critical global topic. hydrogen fuel cells are clean energy considered to be possible substitutes of fossil fuel. It is even used as powerful rocket fuel for NASA’s space shuttles.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), produced by burning of the biofossil fuels, have been recognized as an air pollutant that can cause a series of NH3-SCR has been demonstrated to be one of the state-of-the-art technologies.

Copper tungsten alloy (W-Cu) is the pseudo-alloy of tungsten and copper, which exhibits some excellent properties such as a high melt point of 3042℃.  Owing to its good thermal and electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion, being non-magnetic, good performance under high temperature and vacuum. It has been widely applied in industry such as electrodes for resistance welding, arc contacts and vacuum contacts in high/medium voltage breakers or vacuum interrupters, electrodes in electric spark erosion cutting machines, heat sinks and heat spreaders for passive cooling of electronic devices, electronic packaging materials, and radio base station components

White light LED (WLED) have been widely used in various lighting and display products in the market. Conventionally, WLED functions by applying InGaN blue LED chips with Ce3+:YAG yellow phosphor. However, there is a shortage of color purity owing to the absence of red component in its light emission.