At present, the highest working temperature of the most mature and widely used niobium tungsten hafnium superalloy in the high temperature field is 1050 ~1150 ℃, which has reached 80%~85% of the melting point of the Ni-based superalloys. In order to meet the service conditions of high temperature strength and room temperature plasticity of spacecraft in the temperature range of 1200 1400 ℃, new super high temperature alloy materials with refractory metal matrix are still being developed in China.

The addition of lanthanum to pure molybdenum not only improves the strength and toughness of molybdenum, but also increases the recrystallization temperature of molybdenum and improves its high temperature resistance. Therefore, lanthanum-doped molybdenum alloys are used to replace pure molybdenum in the preparation of electric heating materials, wire cutting electrode materials, electric light sources and other industries.

Tungsten carbide ceramics are widely used in aerospace, machinery industry, electronic power, armor, chemical industry and other fields because of their excellent performance in strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Among the various properties mentioned above, the hardness of tungsten carbide is still insufficient compared with the other properties. Therefore, how to improve the hardness of tungsten carbide so as to achieve a balanced performance in all aspects, so that it is more suitable for various fields.

Epoxides are a kind of fine chemical raw materials and pharmaceutical intermediates with wide applications. The most important way to form epoxides is the epoxidation of olefins. Epoxidation plays an important role in both organic synthesis and chemical industry. Therefore, the study of olefin epoxidation has always been a hot spot in chemical industry.

With the continuous concern of haze, the control of air pollution has become more and more important. Nitrogen oxides are one of the main air pollutants and important precursors to induce photochemistry smog and acid rain. About 60% of them are discharged from coal-fired power plants, industrial boilers and cement plants.

In recent years, the emission of sulfur compounds has seriously affected human health, social and economic development, which has stimulated scientists to explore more effective catalysts to reduce sulfur compounds in fuels. Polyoxometalates are called "green" industrial catalysts. They include tungsten heteropoly acids, such as phosphotungstic acid and silicotungstic acid, which are widely used in industry.

Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) is a kind of high-tech device whose size is several millimeters or even smaller. It is a kind of high-tech electromechanical device, which combines photolithography, etching, thin film, LIGA, silicon micro-processing, non-silicon micro-processing and precision machining technology. It is an independent intelligent system.

In recent years, due to the rapid development of automotive industry, the demand for fuel oil is increasing all over the world. The exhaust gas from sulfide combustion in fuel has brought serious environmental problems, so it is particularly important to limit the sulfur content of fuel. Oxygen desulfurization technology has high desulfurization efficiency and mild reaction conditions. Under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, low operating cost and simple process have attracted much attention.

In recent years, tungsten disulfide, a transition metal sulfide, has become a very popular material because of its special layered structure. WS₂ materials have good optical, electrical, lubricating and catalytic properties, and are widely used in fuel cells, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, sensors, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric sensors, lubricants and memory.

Tungsten has excellent physical properties, such as high melting point, high density, high hardness, excellent high temperature strength and high temperature plasticity. Tungsten and its alloys are widely used in equipment manufacturing industry, iron and steel industry, electric power, information industry, petrochemical industry, aviation and aerospace industry, military industry and other fields. The application of new technology and materials of great importance in national defense occupy an important position in our national economy.