Cemented Carbide is one of the most successful composite engineering materials ever produced. Its unique combination of strength, hardness and toughness satisfies the most demanding applications.

Tungsten carbide is an equal mixture of tungsten and carbon. When the alloy is created, it is typically made as a fine gray powder. This powder is compressed into the desired shape using a modified die-casting process. After hardening into its new shape, this material is extremely hard and can withstand heat that would melt other metals.

The most valuable property of Cemented Carbide is that it offers a safer and more dependable solution than any other known material to one of the toughest problems engineers contend with - reliability. Learn all about Cemented Carbide!

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The actual definition of a tool bit is a matter of some debate. In some circles, a bit is a non-rotary cutting tool like the blade on a lathe or the head on a shaping machine. In other places, it is any removable or exchangeable tool piece, such as the drill part of a handheld drill. Both definitions have one thing in common—the bit is the part that directly interacts with the worked material, and any changes to the material are done by the bit alone.

Manufacturers use a carbide bit when the material or manufacturing process requires high tolerances or precision. These bits are often used when a material is hard enough that a typical bit won’t work it properly, such as with hardened or carbon steel. Since that’s what a common bit is made of, it isn’t hard enough to work the material. Interaction between two pieces of the same material typically results in both parts being ruined.

Another common reason for a carbide bit is when the material being worked needs exposure to very high temperatures either before or during the process. Since a carbide bit can withstand greater temperatures than steel, it is often used in high-heat situations. This is also true when the friction created by the working process would create enough heat to melt a steel bit, such as in high-speed grinding.

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The manufacturing process begins with the composition of a specific tungsten carbide powder mixture - tailored for the application.

The tungsten carbide powder is compacted into a form.

In a high-temperature sintering furnace, the tungsten carbide structure of the blank is shaped at precise temperatures for strictly defined periods. During this heat treatment, the tungsten carbide blank undergoes shrinkage of some 50% in volume.

The sintered Cemented Carbide component gains its final finish by additional grinding, lapping and/or polishing processes.

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The manufacturing process begins with the composition of a specific tungsten carbide powder mixture - tailored for the application.

The tungsten carbide powder is compacted into a form.

In a high-temperature sintering furnace, the tungsten carbide structure of the blank is shaped at precise temperatures for strictly defined periods. During this heat treatment, the tungsten carbide blank undergoes shrinkage of some 50% in volume.

The sintered Cemented Carbide component gains its final finish by additional grinding, lapping and/or polishing processes.

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A carbide bit is a type of tool attachment made out of a specialized metal alloy. Carbide is properly called tungsten carbide and is a specific combination of those two materials. The actual definition of tool bit varies slightly, but it is always the specific part of a tool that contacts the worked material. A carbide bit is much harder than steel, but it is also more brittle. As a result, many larger bits are made of cemented carbide or steel with a brazed carbide tip.

Tungsten carbide is an equal mixture of tungsten and carbon. When the alloy is created, it is typically made as a fine gray powder. This powder is compressed into the desired shape using a modified die-casting process. After hardening into its new shape, this material is extremely hard and can withstand heat that would melt other metals.

In its common form, tungsten carbide is very brittle. While the metal itself is very hard, a carbide plate can break with even slight impacts. To offset this problem, tungsten carbide is often combined with metallic cobalt to create cemented carbide. During the formation process, cobalt liquefies at a much lower temperature than tungsten carbide. This allows the liquid metal to ‘soak in’ to the carbide, greatly increasing its strength.

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The manufacturing process begins with the composition of a specific tungsten carbide powder mixture - tailored for the application.

The tungsten carbide powder is compacted into a form.

In a high-temperature sintering furnace, the tungsten carbide structure of the blank is shaped at precise temperatures for strictly defined periods. During this heat treatment, the tungsten carbide blank undergoes shrinkage of some 50% in volume.

The sintered Cemented Carbide component gains its final finish by additional grinding, lapping and/or polishing processes.

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The Cemented Carbides are a range of composite materials, which consist of hard carbide particles bonded together by a metallic binder.

The proportion of carbide phase is generally between 70-97% of the total weight of the composite and its grain size averages between 0.4 and 10 μm.

Tungsten carbide (WC), the hard phase, together with cobalt (Co), the binder phase, forms the basic Cemented Carbide structure from which other types of Cemented Carbide have been developed. In addition to the straight tungsten carbide – cobalt compositions – Cemented Carbide may contain varying proportions of titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC) and niobium carbide (NbC). These carbides are mutually soluble and can also dissolve a high proportion of tungsten carbide. Also, Cemented Carbides are produced which have the cobalt binder phase alloyed with, or completely replaced by, other metals such as iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), or alloys of these elements.

There are three individual phases which make up Cemented Carbide. In metallurgical terms, the tungsten carbide phase (WC) is referred to as the a-phase (alpha), the binder phase (i.e. Co, Ni etc.) as the b-phase (beta), and any other single or combination of carbide phases (TiC, Ta/NbC etc) as the g-phase (gamma). Other than for metal cutting applications, there is no internationally accepted classification of Cemented Carbides.

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A unique material
Cemented Carbide is one of the most successful composite engineering materials ever produced. Cemented Carbide's unique combination of strength, hardness and toughness satisfies the most demanding applications.

A key feature of the Cemented Carbide is the potential to vary its composition so that the resulting physical and chemical properties ensure maximum resistance to wear, deformation, fracture, corrosion, and oxidation. In addition, the wide variety of shapes and sizes that can be produced using modern powder metallurgical processing offers tremendous scope to design cost-effective solutions to many of the problems of component wear and failure encountered in both the engineering and domestic environment.

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Cyclic Heat Treatment

Cyclic heat treatment of the alloy properties also have a certain impact, mainly reflected in the W - Ni - alloy cyclic heat treatment can alter the uniform distribution of binding phase is conducive to penetrate phase sintering of tungsten - tungsten grain boundaries, reducing tungsten - tungsten distance. NohJoon-Wong, who studied tungsten -5.6 93 -1.4 iron-nickel cyclic heat treatment process, the sintered tungsten alloy in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1150 ℃ incubated for 1h, then water quenching, this process is repeated several times, the results show that with the increase in the number of cycles to infiltrate tungsten - tungsten grain boundary phase volume increased bonding, bonding phase can be more fully penetrate to WW grain boundaries.

Circulation of heat treatment on the tensile mechanical properties of the alloy of tungsten grain size related. When the tungsten grains from the 25μm to 100μm, although the use of cyclic heat treatment, the tensile strength and elongation still down, respectively, and 25% down from 920MPa to 740MPa and 11%, after a heat cycle, the impact absorbed energy from 50J dropped to 22. SJ. When W is the grain size is reduced to 25-35μm, the cycle of heat treatment on the absorbed energy increased significantly affected. Alloys from 57J impact energy up to 170J, impact specimen fracture morphology changed greatly from tungsten - tungsten interfacial fracture to the dimple-like ductile fracture binding phase change.

Deformation and Then Crystallized

Cold working such as extrusion, rolling, forging, etc., may increase the tensile strength, but the alloy has decreased ductility. Alloy microstructure by cold deformation of fibrous texture, this texture with penetrators axial orientation have a greater impact on the performance of the alloy, thus affecting its penetration performance. Goren et al cold deformation after crystallization was studied tungsten -7% 90% -3% Ni alloy after swaging (diameter shrinkage of 82%) and annealed at 1480 ℃ 40s obtained crystals uniformly round lOlμm tablets. And the greater the deformation, the shorter the annealing time. In the annealing process, the larger tungsten grains (30-50μm) first forming sub-grain boundaries, some of the molten adhesive through the sub-selective phase boundary, the last elongated tungsten grains are divided into smaller round tungsten grains, thereby significantly improving the microstructure of the alloy.




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Strain hardening is the use of a metal ( or alloy ) hardening principle , in the deformation of the material deformation under pressure to change and improve the organization of defects in tungsten alloy quantity, distribution and organizational structure of the alloy , thereby enhancing the strength of the material of an enhanced technique . In the strain hardening process, the deformation properties of tungsten alloy has a very significant impact. With the increase of the deformation , the tensile strength and hardness increase and decrease ductility . The beginning of deformation, strengthening the role of apparent when deformation of > 15%, the strengthening effect gradually weakened . Strength with the increase of the deformation , when the hardness is gradually increased to a certain value, it no longer increases with the increase of the deformation has changed significantly. The tungsten content of 95 % tungsten alloy , when the deformation amount of 15 %, the hardness reaches the maximum. The universal deformation strengthening process, the amount of deformation is 15 % and the maximum deformation of not more than 25% tungsten alloy or microcracks internally , cracking and lead to destruction . Aging the alloy after deformation processing , the tensile strength can be further improved . Strain age hardening temperature is usually in the 500-600 ℃. In this temperature range , and annealing interface has strengthen tungsten particles , so that the strength of the compression deformation of 32% of 90W-Ni-Fe alloy , aging in 600C th, tensile strength of 1530MPa or more can be achieved . Annealing above 600 ℃ , with the annealing temperature, the strength and hardness decreased , elongation recovery , when the annealing temperature reaches above 1200 ℃ , the occurrence of recrystallization , intensity and sintering heat treatment extends to its original state levels.

In order to significantly improve the mechanical properties of tungsten alloys , in recent years , the development of large deformation advanced tungsten alloy strain hardening technology . Large deformation strength than ordinary forging state to raise more than 300MPa . Large deformation and deformation generally through several intermediate annealing cycle process and implementation, the deformation and deformation cycles have a great relationship with the technology in the forging process of cyclic deformation on the piece several times and intermediate annealing treatment can achieve a large deformation strengthening . The purpose is to eliminate intermediate annealing deformation stress generated during processing , reduce the processing hardening , annealing temperature range is generally at 500-1000 ℃. In addition , in recent years the development of some of the more advanced large deformation hardening process , such as static extrusion, hot extrusion , hot-rolled or hot extruded ( hot ) with forged composite deformation technique , it can achieve a very large amount of deformation the tungsten alloy showed fibrous microstructure of the alloy strengthening effect is very significant, and thus more people pay attention .




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