Compared to traditional radiation shielding materials, tungsten alloys provide excellent value. A high-density alloy can provide the same energy absorption as lead using 1/3 less material! Unlike lead, you’ll also reduce administration costs by eliminating the need to obtain special licensing—it’s not required.

Experts find that radiation exposure could be reduced by maxing shielding. The density of a material is related to its radiation stopping ability. Higher density means better stopping power and shielding. Due to a higher density, tungsten alloy has a much higher stopping power than lead. It is greater linear attenuation of gamma radiations means that less is required for equal shielding. Alternatively equal amounts of tungsten alloy shielding provide diminished exposure risks than equivalent lead shielding.

Tungsten alloy is a suitable raw material for radiation protection, as its combination of radiographic density (more than 60% denser than lead), machinability, good corrosion resistance, high radiation absorption (superior to lead), simplified life cycle and high strength. It can provide the same degree of protection as lead whilst significantly reducing the overall volume and thickness of shields and containers. Besides, compared with lead or depleted uranium in the past, tungsten alloy is more acceptable in this case, for they are non-toxic.

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Tungsten alloy is ideal for shielding against X-rays and gamma radiation. The very high density of tungsten shielding (more than 60% denser than lead) allows a reduction in the physical size of shielding components, without compromising their rigidity or the effectiveness of the shielding characteristics.

Whether you need to protect sensitive electronic equipment or delicate human tissue, the energy-absorbing properties of T&D’s tungsten alloys make them exceptional choices for radiation shielding applications, in both medical and industrial settings.

1) Shielding in medical

multi leaf collimator

shielding protection tank for medical radiation

shielding syringe for liquid medicine radiation

tungsten alloy containers, such as tank, box for storing radioactive materials

autocollimator and tungsten collimation bar for medical lineal accelerator, nuclear industry and container system inspection

shielding for Co60 and other radiation

gamma radiography shield

2) Shielding in industry

shielding block

flaw detector

large container inspection devices

radioactive source containers

Nuclear shielding wall etc.

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Tungsten alloy is used in many radiation-shielding applications including industrial, nuclear and medical.

Tungsten alloy is used in many radiation-shielding applications including industrial, nuclear and medical. Because of its high density and high atomic number, is an effective construction material for shielding against gamma rays and x-rays. Lead and boron carbide can shield radiation too, but cannot perform as well as tungsten alloy.

Tungsten alloy is a suitable raw material for tungsten alloy radiation container, because of tungsten alloy radiation container combination of radiographic density (more than 60% denser than lead), good machinability, good corrosion resistance, high radiation absorption (superior to lead), simplified life cycle and high strength. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can provide the same degree of protection as lead whilst significantly reducing the overall volume and thickness of shields and containers. Moreover, compared with lead or depleted uranium, tungsten alloy is more acceptable in this case, for it is non-toxic and environmentally friendly material.

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Tungsten alloys is a best choices for radiation shielding applications, in both medical and industrial settings. Compared to traditional radiation shielding materials, tungsten alloys radiation shielding provide excellent value. A high-density alloy can provide the same energy absorption as lead using 1/3 less material. People are taking advantage of tungsten alloy's reliable radiation shielding properties.

Our tungsten alloys radiation shields are used for radioactive source containers, gamma radiography, shields, and industrial instrumentation. The radiation shielding is also serving as collimators and radiation shielding in cancer therapy, as well as syringe protection for radioactive injections.

The usage of tungsten alloy in radiation protection is not subject to NRC, EPA, or special OSHA regulations, so it has been widely used, such as:

Tungsten alloy radioactive source containers

gamma radiation shielding made by tungsten alloy
    
Shielding block of tungsten alloy
   
Source holders for oil well logging and industrial instrumentation
    
Tungsten alloy X-ray collimators
    
Tungsten alloy PET syringe shield
    
Shielding in cancer therapy machines
    
Syringe protection for radioactive injections
    
Tungsten alloy syringe shielding
    
Nuclear shielding wall
    
FDG container
    
Inspect welds
    
Nuclear testing equipment
    
Nuclear power plant shielding
    
Radiation shielding barrel
    
Isotope production, transport, and containment
    
Personal protection equipment for emergency responders
    
Large container inspection devices
    
Oncology Isotopic and accelerator based platforms
    
Pipe-line inspection Gamma
    
Defense for nuclear submarines

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Why we need tungsten alloy radiation shielding?

As medical science developing so repaid, there is more and more radiation in our life, which has become a new trouble, such as X-ray radiation, gamma radiation (energetic electromagnetic radiation), radiation of alpha particles (helium atoms) beta particles (electrons) and cosmic radiation, etc.

In order to protect patients and other people safe from harmful effects of ionizing radiation, such as breast cancer, skin cancer, etc. One type of excellent radiation-absorbing medium is badly needed.

Advantages of tungsten alloy radiation shielding

Experts find that radiation exposure could be reduced by maxing shielding. The density of a material is related to its radiation stopping ability. Higher density means better stopping power and shielding. Due to a higher density, tungsten alloy has a much higher stopping power than lead. Its greater linear attenuation of gamma radiations means that less is required for equal shielding. Alternatively equal amounts of tungsten alloy shielding provide diminished exposure risks than equivalent lead shielding.

Tungsten alloy is a suitable raw material for radiation protection, as its combination of radiographic density (more than 60% denser than lead), machinability, good corrosion resistance, high radiation absorption (superior to lead), simplified life cycle and high strength. It can provide the same degree of protection as lead whilst significantly reducing the overall volume and thickness of shields and containers. Besides, compared with lead or depleted uranium in the past, tungsten alloy is more acceptable in this case, for they are non-toxic.
 

Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
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Whether you need to protect sensitive electronic equipment or delicate human tissue, the energy-absorbing properties of Mi-Tech Metals’ tungsten alloys make them exceptional choices for radiation shielding applications, in both medical and industrial settings.

Our tungsten alloys are used for radioactive source containers, gamma radiography, shields, and source holders for oil-well, logging, and industrial instrumentation. High-density alloys also serve as collimators and radiation shielding in cancer therapy, as well as syringe protection for radioactive injections. When you need to direct a specific amount of radiation to a targeted area, tungsten alloys provide the control you need. Mi-Tech Metals’ high-density alloys will continue to perform, even under extreme, high-heat conditions.

Compared to traditional radiation shielding materials, tungsten alloys provide excellent value. A high-density alloy can provide the same energy absorption as lead using 1/3 less material! Unlike lead, you’ll also reduce administration costs by eliminating the need to obtain special licensing—it’s not required.

Clients all across the globe are taking advantage of tungsten alloy’s reliable radiation shielding properties. If you need to protect yourself, your patients or your equipment from the harmful effects of excess radiation, call a Mi-Tech Metal professional to discuss the benefits of our high density metals today.
 

Explores the tungsten rhenium thermocouples thermoelectric air at high temperature stability, regularity conclusions drawn as follows:

(1) Tungsten rhenium thermocouple in the air, due to high temperature oxidation, causing mutations cause thermocouple thermoelectric power failure. Among them, at 1000 ℃, thermopower negative drift occurs; 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, thermopower positive drift occurs.

(2) Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples stability of each pole is different: 1000 ℃ positive instability occurs first thermopower negative drift; 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, the negative instability occurs first thermopower negative drift.

(3) Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples thermal emf sudden failure reasons, not due to selective oxidation of alloying elements, but because of a pole alloy wire is completely oxidized to oxides, the nature of the material has undergone a fundamental change. 1000 ℃, because of its positive completely oxidized tungsten rhenium thermocouples cause sudden failure; 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, it is negative.

(4) Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples sudden failure, thermoelectric power and volume resistivity of both mutations. Thus, the resistance measurement can predict its life.

(5) After failure of tungsten rhenium thermocouple thermoelectric power is still the illusion, which is its oxidation products with high conductivity rhenium oxide sake.


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A Tungsten Rhenium Thermocouples Positive and Negative Comparative Stability

Tungsten- rhenium thermocouple in the air oxidation will occur after a certain time thermopower mutation to constitute the positive and negative tungsten -3% -25 % rhenium and tungsten rhenium alloy oxidation rate is different. Which can be expected, the stability of the thermocouple will they produce different effects . It can be seen from Figure 1 : Tungsten rhenium thermocouples having different stability of positive and negative . 1000 ℃, tungsten rhenium 3 pole poor stability, thermopower mutation first occurred , and tungsten rhenium 25 very good stability , a later mutates. Stability of the positive and negative differences are two kinds of tungsten and rhenium alloy oxidation behavior consistent . 800,900 ℃ , with the decrease in the content of rhenium , tungsten rhenium alloy antioxidant capacity enhancement. -3% Tungsten rhenium relatively good adhesion due to the formation of a layered structure oxide film having less than 25% of rhenium, tungsten corrosion rate ; 1000 ℃ , the rhenium content is higher, the stronger the oxidation resistance of alloys . As a result of 25% tungsten, rhenium oxide layer formed by reaction sintering of the oxide film layer structure , the outer layer is less rich tungsten rhenium oxide thin , inner layer is a dense tungsten , rhenium oxide mixed layer , relative to the base ratio, rhenium has enriched . Reaction sintering the oxide film becomes more dense , increased to 25% of tungsten rhenium at 1000 ℃ antioxidant capacity , the corrosion rate is lower than -3% of tungsten rhenium . Therefore , tungsten rhenium 3 pole less stable at 1000 ℃ , the first occurrence of thermopower mutations. Therefore, positive and negative changes in the sequence of stability is a direct reflection of the level of oxidation rate .

2 . Tungsten rhenium thermocouple thermoelectric power thermoelectric mutation causes

Positive and negative relative stability during the experiment at the same time , using two 0.8 mm nickel chromium wire 2cm long were suspended tungsten -3 % -25 % tungsten, rhenium and rhenium alloy wire of a group, working with the thermocouple placed on the same side of the temperature zone 1000 ℃ , when mutations occur when the first thermoelectric take a set of samples , the second mutation then remove another set of samples , respectively, electron microprobe analysis . The results show that : the first time thermopower mutation , -3% tungsten rhenium alloy anode has been completely oxidized, and the negative -25 % tungsten rhenium alloy wire core part still alloy phase . The second thermoelectric mutated, it is also negative alloy phase has been fully oxidized [1] . Thus , tungsten rhenium thermocouple thermoelectric power is due to the positive and negative mutations caused by oxidation .

To further confirm this phenomenon, making the overall stability test thermocouple , remove mutations moment thermocouple, will end its work made ​​metallographic sample . Based on our 1000 ℃ tungsten rhenium thermocouple potential mutations just occurred working end time by metallographic analysis of morphology , thermocouple potential mutation causes the selective oxidation of alloying elements is not caused by changes in composition , but the pole due to oxidation of a thermocouple the original tungsten rhenium alloy turned into oxides. This is a qualitative component , that is, from alloy into oxides , this phenomenon is associated with tungsten- rhenium alloy high temperature oxidation behavior consistent . Under the experimental conditions , as rhenium and tungsten oxide evaporation , resulting in the oxidation of the tungsten rhenium alloy catastrophic oxidation follows a linear law of cracking . Cracks formed during the oxidation , loose oxide layer is difficult to form the oxygen diffusion resistance, so that the oxidation reaction occurs at the metal / oxide layer interface ; since rhenium is far less than the oxygen affinity of tungsten , and their oxides generated with a more the steam thus large tungsten rhenium alloy does not occur during the oxidation of rhenium selective oxidation , the oxide layer which are made from tungsten and rhenium oxide mixture. Thus , in an oxidizing atmosphere , there is no selective oxidation caused by the diffusion of metal cations as a result of gradual change in the alloy composition . Thus, as the oxidation process proceeds, shrinking alloy wire cross-section , but the composition changed, until eventually completely oxidized into oxide , the material properties of a fundamental change , closely related thermoelectric properties also changed completely , thus tungsten- rhenium thermocouple leads thermopower mutations. Through the above experiment , the first to reveal the potential of tungsten rhenium thermocouple nature of mutations . Further, since the tungsten- rhenium alloy is generated after oxidation of rhenium oxide has a high electrical conductivity , resulting in the tungsten- rhenium thermocouple has failed circuit illusion thermopower still occurs , which would address the long outstanding problem.

3 tungsten rhenium thermocouples oxidation technology and antioxidant tungsten rhenium thermocouples

Tungsten- rhenium thermocouple thermoelectric effect in the air is the main factor unstable oxidation, and in order to replace platinum-rhodium thermocouple they can only work in an oxidizing atmosphere , so can be used as oxidation technology : ① Coating Protection Act ; ② evacuated sealed protection Act ; ③ evacuated inflatable seal protection law ; ④ filling sealing protection laws.

Coating Protection Act technically there are still some problems, and taking the time to fill or seal protection law has passed the batch test, every year at least one thousand or more antioxidant tungsten rhenium thermocouple temperature measurement for industrial furnaces . Since the protective tube for the artificial creation of tungsten- rhenium thermocouple working non-oxidizing atmosphere , resistance to oxidation of the tungsten rhenium thermocouple term stability. Author entities using patented technology to produce tungsten rhenium thermocouple type antioxidant , after sintering plant in Anshan pellet furnace ( oxidizing atmosphere ) using seven months (5000h), after removal of the test results showed that it stable performance, precision up to 1% , and can continue to use.


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In order to be consistent with the actual application , the present study, major domestic and foreign manufacturers to provide wire tungsten rhenium thermocouple wire as an object of study, the positive and negative growth 45cm thermocouple match between the poles of high purity Al2O3 insulated pipe insulation, work side exposed to the air . Experiment, the tungsten rhenium thermocouple placed in the working end of the furnace body temperature zone, the reference terminal is at room temperature , which fluctuated within ± 5 ℃ . With high-precision digital voltmeter thermopower of the thermocouple and the bulk resistance for real-time detection , in order to examine the stability of the thermocouple at different temperature variation and high purity platinum wire as reference electrode tungsten- rhenium thermocouples negative comparison the relative stability of the pole , while using electron probe microanalysis techniques and metallographic studies thermocouple thermoelectric potential reason for the change .

Tungsten- rhenium thermocouple thermoelectric EMF and body resistance R in the oxidation process variation with time t showed significant mutagenicity . Very stable prior to the mutation occurs ; thermoelectric potential and volume resistivity at the same temperature mutated . Its direction varies with temperature : 800 ℃ and 900 ℃ , the thermoelectric power is drift occurs ; 1000 ℃ negative drift occurs .

Thermopower mutation manifested again and negative drift occurred . But bipolar mutations occur thermopower time is different , the first thermoelectric potential positive changes , and the negative electrode . As can be seen , under the same conditions , its stability and domestic wire variation of the same , nor found over domestic wire has obvious advantages , this shows that our wire stability has reached the international advanced level of similar products .


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Tungsten- rhenium thermocouples in order to solve the problems encountered in actual use , the paper discusses the tungsten rhenium thermocouple temperature stability in air law . The results showed that : tungsten rhenium thermocouples as a result of a very complete oxidation of the material properties undergone a sea change , which led to the thermoelectric properties with the corresponding radical change ; for the first time revealed the stability of tungsten- rhenium thermocouples poles at different temperatures are different ; discovered tungsten rhenium thermocouple having a volume resistivity and thermoelectric properties of both mutations and thus , by measuring the change in resistance to predict its lifetime . Results of this study for the production of tungsten- rhenium thermocouples and provides a theoretical basis for the rational use .

Tungsten- rhenium thermocouples fifties developed excellent refractory metal thermocouples , is currently more than 1800 ℃ can be measured to a better industrial thermocouples. Since platinum-rhodium thermocouple prices, user urgent need to find alternative products, resulting in oxidation of tungsten rhenium thermocouples very active in the development , the current temperature is hot research field . Now, the country has produced various forms of anti-oxidation of tungsten rhenium thermocouples few thousand a year to expend in metallurgy , building materials, petrochemical and other industries , and showed a broad application prospects . The reserves and production of tungsten are in the world, but also about antioxidant tungsten rhenium thermocouples and consumable tungsten rhenium thermocouples development and application is also a leader in the world . In order to solve the tungsten rhenium thermocouple problems in practical use , it has been explored in a non- oxidizing atmosphere stability, but in an oxidizing atmosphere stability has not been reported , which is an antioxidant tungsten rhenium thermocouple emergence of new issues , with a clear theoretical significance and practical value.


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