Zirconium Tungsten Tungsten electrodes for TIG welding , which is a tungsten matrix by powder metallurgy method of incorporation of about 0.3% -5% of a rare earth element such as : cerium, thorium , lanthanum , zirconium, yttrium and the production of tungsten alloy strip , then after pressure processing, diameters from 0.1 to 80mm, standard length from 75 to 600 , while the most commonly used specifications for diameter 1.0,1.6,2.4 and 3.2 , the shape of the TIG electrode terminal is an important factor in terms of , when using DCSP , the power ground terminal to be pointed shape , and the angle of the tip with the application, electrode diameter , and welding current to change , narrow edge connectors require a smaller angle , when the weld very thin material, required low current , like needle electrodes for a minimum to stabilize the arc , and to ensure proper grounding electrode arc easily , good arc stability and appropriate weld bead width . When the AC power to the welding, grinding electricity without the extreme , because using the appropriate welding current, electrode terminals will form half of the ball , if the increase in the welding current, electrode tip becomes bulb -shaped and may melt and contaminate molten gold .

Zirconium tungsten electrode ( grades WZ3, WZ8) under the conditions of the AC welding performance is good, and has good corrosion resistance. Especially in the case of high load currents , zirconium tungsten electrodes increased performance can not be replaced by other electrodes . In welding , the end portion of the tungsten electrode of zirconium to maintain a reduced spherical tungsten infiltration phenomena , conditions suitable for the exchange of Mg alloys.


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When evaluating or finding equivalents of tungsten carbide grades the important criteria is to specify two of three factors. Binder content, hardness or grain size. In straight matrix materials any two of these will match the third. A 15% binder with hardness of 88.0 RA would have to be fine grain material whereas with a hardness of 86.0 RA would need a very coarse grade to achieve it. Specifying cobalt binder only can be a dangerous game. Take control of each situation and ensure you know what you are using and why so that consistency of specification can be obtained from whatever source. We can achieve hardness differential on 15% cobalt: purely by varying the grain size, that would need a spread of 11% cobalt over same gain size materials.

All specifications of tungsten carbide are designed and engineered for a purpose and rigid controls are kept throughout production processes to ensure adherence to grade engineering. Quality control properties such as hardness, density, and minimum transverse rupture strength were determined from tests made on each batch of powder before it is used in the manufacturing process. Other properties such as Young's modulus of Elasticity , Poisson's ratio , Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity are used by engineers for design calculations. Properties such as compressive strength, grain size and abrasion resistance give the designer additional information about the suitability of the grade for the part being designed.

                   


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Whenever you are considering an investment in gold, you must require proof that the item that you are purchasing is actually gold. A simple certification is nearly worthless in the legal system since there is no way to prove that you yourself did not switch the gold for fake gold after the gold came into your possession. Work with a trusted jeweler or other expert to make sure before you buy, you are getting the real thing, because you have next to no recourse once the deal is done.

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You can test gold in several ways to determine if it is the real thing. Real gold can be hammered and will not break or lose its shine. It will just flatten out. Fake gold will stolidly retain its original shape or shatter. You can also weigh fake gold to see if it weighs as much as the same amount of real gold would--a jeweler can help you with this. Dropping the item in question into nitric acid will also let you know whether your gold is fake, as the real gold will remain unaffected, but fake gold will change color and create a green foam.

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Because of the high-impact loads which these tools are subjected to, over and over again, their serviceable life is quite limited. Work hardening occurs at the neck of the tool, fractures develop and the toolhead soon breaks off. Although they are relatively inexpensive, because they are so simple in design and construction, their failure can mean an improperly set fastener, downtime, etc.

Other serious problems in the use of bucking bars is the strain and fatigue which the persons using such tools experience and the noise level incident to their use. The tool must be held tight against the work, from behind, and with one hand, while the impacting fastener is applied with a work tool held in the other hand. The shock load is transmitted through to the bucking bar and is taken fully by the operator and a high-decibel shock wave is produc

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Rivets and like fasteners require a backing member behind the work receiving the fastener to spread the blind end of the fastener and to stabilize the two parts while they are being fastened together. Tools of this type are commonly known as bucking bars and are usually no more than a bar of iron or steel with one end formed at a right angle.

Although there have been some suggestions for improvements in this type of tool, and notably in impact absorbing cushioning means, none have proven very successful.

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A bucking bar, comprising: toolhead and handle parts secured together and having a low recoil impact absorbing and compressible spacer provided there between, said toolhead and handle parts being formed for interfitting engagement and butt end shouldered engagement of the former against the latter, and fastener means extending transversely across and between said toolhead and handle parts for holding said toolhead and handle parts engaged with said spacer and for allowing relative movement therebetween in the impact absorbing compression of said spacer, said toolhead and handle parts having interfitting planular wall surfaces extending longitudinally and said fastener means provided therethrough.

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Zirconium tungsten electrodes new material object of the invention is to provide a zirconium tungsten electrode new materials, in addition to ensure the use of performance indicators have reached the international zirconium tungsten electrode material , but also improve the zirconium tungsten electrodes new material ductility and stress processing performance, increase yield and expand its use .

Tungsten electrodes new material zirconium basic design of the invention to change the electrode material zirconium tungsten , tungsten oxide, zirconium content ratio , while the component is added to improve processing performance pressure , improve the ductility of yttrium oxide , cobalt ingredients, the object of the present invention .

Specific embodiments of the present invention is described below. Zirconium tungsten electrodes new material made ​​of tungsten , zirconia, yttria , four major components, which are cobalt , contains a very small amount of aluminum , iron, silicon , nickel, magnesium, copper , molybdenum and carbon impurities. The four main elements of the new tungsten electrode material content of zirconium contained in the ratios were : tungsten content 98 ~ 98.8% , content of zirconium oxide, 0.91 to 1.2% yttria content of 0.01 to 0.07% cobalt 0.01 to 0.02%. According to the above formula, according to conventional processes existing zirconium tungsten electrodes made ​​of new materials to replace thorium tungsten, cerium and zirconium tungsten electrode material , superior processing performance of the pressure existing foreign zirconium tungsten electrode material .


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When tungsten and carbon unite they become one of the hardest of all carbides. Tungsten carbide hardfacing is a fast and easy method for applying tungsten carbide to parts and equipment exposed to wear. Its versatility and flexibility in terms of the application methods cannot be surpassed.

Tungsten carbide is an ideal material when confronting severe abrasion applications, and tungsten carbide hardfacing will reduce wear in the mining and processing of ores and minerals, agriculture, construction and mining ground engaging tools, drilling for oil and gas or horizontal directional drilling, tunneling, and recycling.


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New materials zirconium tungsten electrode metal welding materials technology invention relates to the field . One kind of zirconium tungsten electrode , new materials, whose main ingredient is a constituent element of the entire content of 98 to 98.8 % of the tungsten, 0.91 to 1.2% zirconium . The invention belongs to metal welding materials technology category.

Currently in the arc welding , plasma welding thoriated tungsten alloy commonly used in the electrode material . Performance has improved in recent years has adopted a cerium tungsten alloy electrode, plasma cutting materials generally used in pure zirconium electrode . Thorium tungsten electrode materials, the biggest drawback is the α -ray intensity is extremely high, serious damage to the body's health and pollute the environment. Comparison with thorium tungsten electrode material , cerium tungsten electrode material generated during the operation α -ray dose is extremely small, only one-thousandth of thorium tungsten electrode material about other performance indicators can be at or near the thorium tungsten electrode material . These two materials in the AC arc electrode burning large , low life is another disadvantage that they co-exist . Although the performance of pure zirconium electrode material can reach thorium tungsten , cerium tungsten electrodes indicators, but the electrode material products cost more than the latter two electrodes 1 to 1.5 times higher . Countries, such as the United Kingdom in addition to tungsten thorium , cerium and zirconium tungsten electrodes , but also the use of a zirconium tungsten electrode material , its main ingredient is tungsten W , 99% zirconium oxide ZrO2 0.7 to 0.9 %, other impurities. In the same work norms , the ratio of cerium tungsten electrode tungsten material zirconium , thorium tungsten electrode material burning rates are low , long life, electrode temperature increased, the thickness of the workpiece increases, narrow kerf or welds , welding, cutting quality than cerium tungsten, thorium tungsten electrode materials , electrode materials cost less than pure zirconium , and in AC arc can be widely used. Coupled with the electrode material α -ray dose is small, reducing the damage to human and environmental pollution , to create the conditions for the automated production . However, the material brittle material , pressure processing performance is poor , the low yield machining electrode .


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