The other side of the dispute behind China's rare earth exports

World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. In the industry view, the rare earth export quota dispute , although full of differences and conflicts of national interests , but also fully exposed the long-standing China's rare earth industry .

According to China Economic Weekly reported that in 2012 , the State Council Information Office published "China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," White Paper , China's rare earth reserves account for about 23% of the world's total reserves. However, China has undertaken more than 90% of rare earth supply on the world market , was even more than 97% .

In addition, as a rare earth producer and exporter of the first big country , but the development of China's rare earth market was chaotic . Overcapacity in the domestic rare earth mining is very serious , serious waste of resources and ecological damage. Disorderly competition makes the "industrial gold" has sold rare earth became " cabbage price ." And with this in stark contrast to the United States, Australia and other countries extremely rare earth resources , but their limitations and stop the exploitation of rare earth in favor of imports from China .

It is worth mentioning that a total of 17 kinds of rare earth elements , generally divided into mild , moderate and severe categories. Which lanthanum, cerium and other light metal , widely used in metallurgy, textiles, ceramics , glass, magnetic materials and other civilian areas ; yttrium, dysprosium, terbium and other heavy rare earth metals , laser cutting-edge industry , nuclear industry, superconductivity and other necessary , is a valuable strategic resource , known as the "industrial vitamins ."

According to Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths , said the heavy rare earth mining in southern China as an example: In order to get 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides, 100 square kilometers of vegetation will result in the destruction consideration shocking. " Our pay and unequal access to a serious imbalance . " Zhang Anwen respect, protection of resources and the environment and regulate industrial order , it is the policy of our government to implement protective measures against the rare earth industry in mind.

"Although China's rare earth export quota system eventually sentenced violations, but after a full defense and the burden of proof , WTO Expert Group endorsed the policy objective for China is still protecting the environment, resources and sustainable development needs , in line with the special nature of WTO rules . " Zhang Anwen said .

It should be noted is that China is a " rare big country" , they are not "rare earth power ."

Rare earth industry itself has a very prominent issue, focus on performance in five areas . First, the rare earth mining , smelting production overcapacity serious , rare earth oxides capacity and yield ratio ( ie, the excess factor ) is about 3.2 , much higher than steel, cement overcapacity excess coefficient industry ; Second, high prices and Gregory under driven by mining and smelting separation, environmental pollution and ecological damage costly ; third , private mining digging , serious cases of smuggling of rare earth , rare earth prices under long-term impact of non- market factors ; fourth , industry concentration is not enough ; fifth , downstream of China's rare earth industry development is weak , the situation in the " nuclear high base " and the kinds of applications of rare earth materials more serious .

" Rare earth prices , the first rule secure . " Zhang Anwen said that industrial development is the most taboo volatility in raw material prices , the further development of rare earth downstream industries, to promote the application of rare earth material harm than benefit . Should establish a relatively stable price formation mechanism of rare earth products , to provide a stable environment for the enterprise market enterprises downstream applications .

2013 onwards, China Rare Earth Industry Association has released the rare earth industry price index in the form of the price range from the industry 's 25 most representative sample of companies forming daily trading price statistics . Maintenance industry run by the price index , the impact of inhibiting capital speculation .

Zhang Anwen also reminded enterprises, foreign rare earth development and utilization of international environmental concern. United States , Australia, India and Russia have a wealth of rare earth resources, in 2013 , Greenland abolished the ban on uranium mining and rare earth mine , allowing domestic and foreign mining companies exploiting mineral resources in its territory in the Arctic . This means that in the future , in the world or the formation of diversified international rare earth supply system.


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