Ma Lianhua: New energy vehicles to promote the new exam rare earth pollution

New energy vehicles , especially pure electric vehicles because they do not fuel , less emissions , become synonymous with environmentally friendly fashion . However, the upstream and downstream industry chain will bring pollution may surprise people . For the pollution generated by new energy vehicles , most people understand the current generation of pollution is : that although the process of using electric cars to achieve a zero- emissions, power generation plants has caused severe dust pollution . Especially in China , more than 75% of its electricity from coal power generation, no less than the dangers of pollution gasoline combustion .

In fact , the new energy vehicle industry chain downstream pollution caused by much more than that . For example , the use of new energy vehicle batteries , in the production process will produce pollution. Graphite is the constituent elements of the electric car lithium batteries , there are foreign media said , per pure electric car contains about 50 kg of graphite , containing about 10 kg of hybrid , electric bicycles containing about 1 kg , notebooks containing about 100 grams , the phone contains about 15 grams. Graphite manufacturing process will contain large amounts of heavy metals discharged highly acidic wastewater , contaminated farmland and drinking water, graphite dust floating into the air will cause "Black Rain " and the haze phenomenon .

Currently , lithium batteries have become the mainstream choice of new energy vehicles , but still the majority of low-speed electric vehicles in the use of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid battery production process will generate a lot of lead dust , lead acid mist , waste water, waste gas . Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive systems , can also lead to babies through breast milk embryos and poisoning . Lead enters the human body , can diffuse from the blood into the soft tissues and organs of the body , and ultimately into the bones and teeth , resulting in major diseases .

Improper recycling of used batteries will produce more pollution. Used batteries contain cadmium , lead, mercury , nickel, zinc , manganese, etc. , will affect seed germination and growth , resulting in pollution of rivers, lakes, sea and other water bodies , where the cadmium, lead , mercury would be more interested in bring great harm to the human body . Data show that a small lithium coin can contaminate 600,000 liters of water. Similarly, the lead-acid battery if mishandled , the greater harm.

Rare chronic pollution is another new energy vehicles can not be avoided . Rare is called " industrial vitamins ' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries , is an important strategic mineral resources. Batteries and new energy rare earth permanent magnet motor cars also use rare earth materials . For example, some high-performance electric vehicle equipped with synchronous motor on the use of rare earth materials .

However, the rare earth ore open pit mining process will produce radioactive pollution , heavy metals, fluoride , ammonia and sulfate pollution, recycling of resources , the surrounding atmosphere , plants, aquatic ecosystems , soil environment has potential hazards. Some areas also because overexploitation of rare earth , causing landslides , river blockage, sudden environmental pollution and other events. After the rare earth mining , mine environment restoration and management is also a heavy burden.

Rare minerals Chaoshan region is very rich. 2013 , due to a lawless region of Guangdong Lufeng illegal mining of rare earth , resulting in a number of villages around the water undrinkable . 2011 , also because of a rare earth mining Chaoshan area of environmental pollution , caused by local villagers and fight illegal mining . Local villagers told reporters that because of pollution caused by illegal mining of rare earth , they did not dare to drink water Curry , near the Castle became the Loess Plateau . Kids go swimming in the river bathing has become memories.

Another concern is that China 's rare earth resources face depletion problem. State Council Information Office published in 2012 , " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," the white paper said China's rare earth reserves account for 23 percent of global reserves, has supplied 90% of global demand . After half a century of mining super strength , China's reserves of rare earth resources and the protection of life continue to decline, decay accelerating major mining resources , most of the existing mining resources depletion .

White Paper For example, Baotou rare earth ore mining resources remaining major 1/ 3 , Southern ionic rare earth ore reserve-production ratio has been 20 years ago to the current 50 15 . In view of this , if a large -scale promotion of new energy vehicles , it is not only rare earth mining will become a stumbling block pollution caused by rare earth is a strategic non-renewable resources , depletion of rare earth will also affect the production of new energy vehicles , as oil depletion will draw fuel vehicles on the same period .

Face generation of pollution , the industry 's response is that the new energy vehicles during the day and electricity at night to charge , you can reserve the power grid can not fully use , reduce energy consumption, while , to promote wind power and hydroelectric power and other green energy . The face of pollution and recycling pollution caused by battery production , the country has developed a unified approach to battery recycling management , and greatly enhance battery production and recycling technology. For the rare earth mineral depletion of the country 's current practice is strictly managed rare earth mining , improve the comprehensive utilization , regulate the export price.

Anyway , enough battery energy density , inadequate facilities , state subsidies and other factors are not in place just dominant disorder promotion of new energy vehicles , battery pollution , the pollution caused by the mining of raw materials and resource depletion, may be hidden behind the scenes bigger stumbling block . How these hurdle crossed , will test the wisdom and courage to promote new energy vehicles persons .


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