Chinese exports of rare earth case law does not Shuli Shucks pick ourselves up

March 26 , World Trade Organization (WTO) announced the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. This is China , after " nine kinds of raw materials case" once again lost in the resource trade disputes .

Comments for losing what triggered ?

Not surprisingly , beyond reasonable

WTO to make this decision based on what ? WTO Research Institute of Foreign Trade University Tu Xinquan explains: " According to the WTO rules on export quotas , tariff measures can be taken , but in principle it can limit the number of exports. Chinese think we are to protect the environment and resources, but ruled that the expert group believes that taking the export quota to meet strict conditions: first, is to protect the environment and resources must measure ; Second, while export restrictions should be limited to domestic production and consumption. The Group believes that China does not meet these two conditions . "

For this award, Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Association for Rare Earth with the " outside expected, makes sense " to evaluate , "WTO ruling is expected for us to do, but we do not lose lose Act reasonable. "

Zhang Anwen gives his reasons: China to account for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves , the global supply of more than 90 % of the market demand, and the supply of inexpensive products . However, the rare earth production , especially mining and smelting, to pay a huge environmental cost to the consumer of rare earth bring economic benefits, environmental pollution and ecological destruction has left China , we have done a serious sacrifice and the resulting asymmetry . Department of Commerce had quotas original intention was to protect our natural resources and prevent excessive exports , there are many foreign rare earth resources, but they are not taken possession of , or mining and sell less .

Rare known as " industrial vitamins ," said , its application to high-tech and strategic emerging industries bring great support , downstream of green industries, energy conservation, ecology and environment have great benefit. China is a big country of rare earth , four of resources , production, exports and consumption are highest in the world. Of the mid-1980s after a large number of mining and smelting of rare earth , rare earth industry, though small, but accumulated over the years , environmental pollution and ecological damage is very serious.

" In the South, 92% of the production of one ton of ore , will produce 1,600 tons to 3,000 tons of waste soil waste rock ; production of 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides , 100 square kilometers will cause damage to vegetation . " Zhang Anwen given such a set of data, " In addition, the mountains may also cause soil erosion and landslides , clogged rivers, reservoir siltation ; dressing added ammonium sulfate pollution of surface water and groundwater ; waste of farmland , as well as certain radioactive contamination. "

" Baotou and other cities relatively better light rare earth mining , smelting and mining damage mainly after . Production of one ton of oxide will produce more than twenty thousand cubic meters including SO2, SO3, HF and dust emissions, and about 65 tons of acid , salt , COD and BOD wastewater. " Zhang Anwen said.

China rare earth industry go from here ?

Establish healthy development of energy-saving environmental protection industry

According to the WTO dispute settlement practice, the panel report issued within 60 days of our country can appeal . Industry experts generally believe that , even if the appeal , if there is no strong evidence to overturn a new group of experts concluded , the Appellate Body ruling is likely to remain the expert group to make the final ruling within three to four months. In this case , how to deal with our country ?

Tu Xinquan that " rare case" impact on international trade is not so large , China 's rare earth is not irreplaceable , the importing country can actually find other alternatives . Through the role of the market , the rare earth prices to go up , the price is raised, naturally will lead to the importing countries to choose another alternative, reduce imports of Chinese rare earth.

" China wants to develop more high-tech and advanced manufacturing, downstream industry chain more effective, which is the future direction of development. " Zhang Anwen said," In a nutshell, that is stronger as you want . From big to strong is an inevitable requirement , although it has become our country the world's second largest economy, but not strong enough in many ways , especially in advanced manufacturing . "

It is understood that China's rare earth permanent magnet , glow, catalysis, hydrogen storage production rank first in the world , good quality , to meet the basic domestic needs , but also to have some exports. At present China's rare earth industry chain short board that extends components, parts development and production is relatively backward , many of the key sensors, precision instruments, core components , as well as some of the major key equipment had to rely on imports , resulting in not only accused of being foreign , but also is counter situation. " must pay close attention to manufacturing, electronics, components, parts , otherwise the assembly will always be a big country can not become a manufacturing power , but can not create a great nation. " Zhang Anwen said .

On how to strengthen the management of rare earth exports , Zhang Anwen gives five suggestions : First , strengthen enterprise resource integration , improve the comprehensive utilization of resources , and promote the healthy development of rare earth industry . Second, improve the export value-added products , developed patented technology. Third, the export threshold of at least the national environmental protection requirements , through environmental verification and the Ministry of access, in line with national policies to prevent disorderly excess exports. Fourth, look forward to the formation of a diverse, sustainable international rare earth supply system. Foreign

Dependence on Chinese rare earths produced , will depend on the formation of habits , there will be demanding. If abroad , especially in the heavy rare earth, able to exploit more reliance on Chinese rare earths can be less. Fifth, we should establish a good price formation mechanism, to avoid price roller coaster ups and downs , to be fully considered in the cost of rare earth rare earth environmental management and ecological restoration of basic costs required to form a high and stable price system , and get the price aspects of the right to speak .

"In addition, China express their views to be more in the international arena , to make the international community aware of the efforts made ​​to protect resources and the environment , and actively participate in the development of rules. " Zhang Anwen said," but also attach importance to the role of industry associations and other civil society organizations to price stability , control the volume, and strengthen self-discipline and explore new export management, participation in international trade litigation disputes play an active effect. "

" Rare is the Chinese , but also the world. China has made ​​efforts to protect resources and the ecological fully reflects the WTO about the people, resources , and environmental development requirements of China will continue its efforts in this regard , we are still a long way. " Zhang Anwen said .


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