Standards continue to improve, rare earth intensified implementation of cleaner production

To speed up the application and promotion of cleaner production of rare earth industry advanced technology , improve the industry clean production levels , significantly reduce emissions intensity , the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently released the " rare earth industry clean production technology implementation plan " ( hereinafter referred to as " implementation plan" ) , requires the relevant rare earth enterprises should implement cleaner production technology , as a fundamental way to enhance the technical level and core competitiveness, the prevention and reduction of pollutants from the source to achieve clean development.

Cleaner production is imperative

Because many kinds of rare earth minerals , most low -grade , polymetallic symbiosis, complex composition and REE similar nature , and therefore difficult to separate . Meanwhile , China's rare earth mining, processing , separation exists backward production techniques and technology , serious damage to vegetation , causing soil erosion and soil pollution , acidification , making crop production even crops .

In ionic heavy rare earth mine , the past behind using heap leaching , leaching pools , each producing one ton of rare earth oxides to produce about 2,000 tons of tailings, at present, the use of more advanced Although in situ leaching process , but still inevitably produce large amounts of ammonia , heavy metals and other pollutants, destruction of vegetation , polluted surface water, groundwater and farmland. In terms of the light rare earth mine , mostly were associated polymetallic ore, smelting , separation process produces large amounts of toxic and harmful gases, high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen waste , radioactive waste and other pollutants.

In some places because of over-exploitation of rare earth , also caused landslides , river blockage, sudden environmental pollution incidents , and even cause major accidents, disasters , significant loss of life to the public health and the environment . The restoration and management of ecological environment, has become a heavy burden on some of the rare areas , environmental issues are increasingly becoming a bottleneck restricting the development of rare earth industry issues . Rare earth smelting and separation of rare earth industry has become the development process of China's most serious pollution problems in the field , to carry out clean production of rare earth smelting areas is imperative .

Policy landing to be rooting

In recent years, China has become more aware of the importance and necessity of environmental protection, resource conservation are from the extensive development , environment-friendly changes , prevention and control efforts on non-ferrous metals industry and heavy metal contamination is constantly increasing . In the rare side, in April 2011 , the ministry has embarked on corporate environmental verification of rare earth , rare earth enterprises mainly produce safety and emissions standards and other aspects of the requirements made ​​clear , as has been announced the four batches of 87 environmental compliance list of enterprises , of which 58 enterprises with smelting separation ; metal smelting enterprises 15 ; utilization enterprises 4 ; application of rare earth enterprises 4 ; mining enterprises 6 .

To further accelerate the rare earth industry, advanced technology application and promotion of cleaner production , improve the industry clean production level, in February 2014 , the Ministry issued the " implementation plan " to encourage enterprises to technological innovation , in terms of energy saving for a higher rare earth enterprises requirements in order to prevent and reduce pollutants from the source of production to achieve the clean development , the four main propulsion cleaner production technologies , including carbon -containing salt -free ammonia separation and purification technology of rare earth oxides , rare earth concentrate low sulfated dynamic roasting technology, two clean production technology demonstration projects ; non- saponification extraction and separation of rare earth technology , blur / linkage extraction and separation processes , such as two projects to promote cleaner production technologies .

" Implementation plan" requirement , to 2017 , to accelerate low-carbon low-salt -free ammonia separation and purification technology of rare earth oxides pace of industrialization and marketing applications , completed the industrialization demonstration of rare earth concentrates low sulfated dynamic roasting technology to achieve separation of rare earth smelting the process of reduction of the amount of acid , and improve resource utilization efficiency ; achieve non- saponification extraction and separation of rare earth technology penetration rate of 50% ; fuzzy / linkage extraction and separation processes penetration of 85%.

It is understood that four current technology is the key technology of the rare earth industry clean production , through the promotion of these technologies can save hydrochloric acid ( 30% ) 120,000 tons / year , sodium hydroxide ( 30% ) 373,000 tons / year or ammonia 50,000 tons / year of ammonia in wastewater emissions 53,000 tons / year. However, the current non- saponification extraction and separation of rare earth technology penetration is less than 10 %, while the blur / linkage extraction and separation processes penetration is only 40% to 50 % larger and the " implementation plan " requirements gap, which requires government departments strengthen " implementation plan" implementation efforts.

Indicator system to boost implementation of the program

Enterprise technology funding pressures facing real problems , in addition to technology transfer fee , the new production line using new technology also requires a large investment. To promote the implementation of the " implementation plan" to mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises , the Ministry of Energy Saving Division said the officer , has been enshrined in the program four clean production technology as energy conservation , technological innovation , cleaner production, recycling economy and other financial guide the focus of financial support . Specific financial support but also by way of demonstration and promotion of cleaner production technologies project is divided into two types of technology in demonstration projects , companies will be able to apply before the project construction , through the audit of the project grant funds must be obtained , in principle, more than the amount 15% ; later and diffusion of technology projects, will run for a period of time to complete and implement projects in the enterprise , vetted through after a certain grant funds available . In addition , given the intensity of the demonstration project funding compared to the promotion of the project will be greater.

Meanwhile, the reporter learned from the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association , Development and Reform Commission , Ministry of Environmental Protection , the Ministry will jointly issued the " rare earth industry clean production evaluation index system " ( hereinafter referred to as the " index system " ) in the near future , has now entered the comment period . The " index system " will be used as the separation of rare earth smelting enterprises clean production evaluation of the level of analysis to determine the potential of cleaner production , cleaner production audits and related work to create advanced clean production enterprises an important basis , but also to better promote the " implementation plan" implementation .

According to the introduction , index evaluation system is based on the principles of cleaner production requirements and measurable indicators of selection , quantitative and qualitative indicators divided into two categories. Quantitative indicators selected are representative indicators reflect the "energy ", " saving" , " abatement " and " efficiency " and the ultimate goal of clean production and comprehensive evaluation of enterprises to implement cleaner cleaner production conditions and production levels ; while qualitative indicators based on national development and technological progress on the implementation of cleaner production in industry policy , resources, environmental policy and industry development planning selected for case assessment of the implementation of the relevant laws, regulations and corporate standards policy .

Meanwhile, the level of corporate cleaner production will eventually gotta score based on " index system " comprehensive evaluation index is divided into three levels, on behalf of the domestic leading level of clean production , two representatives of the domestic advanced level of clean production , three representatives of national cleaner production general level . Meanwhile, with the continued progress and development of rare earth industry, production processes, technology , equipment , and new policies and new requirements proposed by the state , the index system revised every three to five years time .

In addition, China's rare earth industry for pollution control , and related industry insiders have two proposals, one to combat rare earth mining , production and circulation of illegal activities , establish a fair market environment ; Second, to further improve the preparation of rare earth industry standards system , For example , smelting wastewater engineering specifications and standards to limit energy consumption . At the same time , strengthen the supporting role of existing standards , and strengthen standards and inspection efforts to ensure that companies fully meet the standard requirements.


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