How to get rid of rare earth resources in the country to make "a little money" embarrassing

" the mother of the new material ," rare earths, is widely used in the field of cutting-edge technology is a valuable strategic resource. For a long time , China is the world 's largest rare earth resources in the country , but it is rare application of a weak country , despite more than 90% of the annual supply of rare earth products to the global market, but mainly acts as a rare earth raw materials in the international market , the role of primary processing of products exporting countries annually by the consumption of resources, energy and environmental destruction to earn hundreds of millions of dollars of foreign exchange , " a little money ."

Some rare corporate leaders and experts pointed out that only the downstream application industries are developed , the value of strategic resources in order to be fully tapped in order to pry the equivalent of hundreds of thousands of times their value for money. However, due to weak domestic scientific and technological support , foreign control of the core patented technology constraints and other issues , the level of application of rare earth industry in China is still relatively low, the experts called for relevant departments to further increase the research and development of rare earth industry related applications support .

Take a sample could not get the product obtained

Rare historical analysis of research from the past century , an average of about once every three years , there will be a rare value function has important applications have been developed .

Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute , said the former president Mapeng from over the years , China's rare earth raw materials to meet the global demand of about 90% , but China's rare earth research and application work started late, great gap compared with developed countries , which prominently now basic research capacity is weak , low level of technology application development , the main track achievements abroad to carry out research activities.

He said that the rare earth research, industrialization is the technological level of a country's comprehensive examination . Accumulation of technology developed countries , high level of automation equipment manufacturing and , soon after technological breakthroughs can be achieved large-scale industrialization , the level of automation of the production line is relatively high, the product quality is stable.

In contrast, although some of our research projects in the laboratory to get a breakthrough , developed a sample , performance and indicators are good, neodymium iron Peng performance rare earth permanent magnet alloy samples which are developed in a number of leading international and even but these results into industrial pilot of a small test even immune clearance, small-scale production line , multi- hand operation, resulting in inconsistent quality of each batch of products, the cost is high .

Rare earth processing chain , divided into separate smelting products, alloy materials , components, terminal applications 4 links. Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths , said affected by the low level of technology , currently China's rare earth companies are still focused on the separation of rare earth smelting, middle and low alloy material production areas , high-end products in the production of alloy materials accounted for only about 10% of the follow-up components, terminal applications have not formed the production scale , the annual export large quantities of rare earth products , but rarely profitable .

For example , last year, China's exports to the United States , Japan and other 36 countries and regions, rare earth oxides, salts , metals, alloys 16,000 tons , export billet, powder, tablets and other middle and low over 24,000 tons of rare earth permanent magnet materials The total export value of only about $ 3.3 billion .

At the same time , in order to meet domestic demand , but also spent a year of high import large quantities of high-grade rare earth alloy materials and components , terminal applications. Zhang Anwen For example, last year China imported 2,997.4 tons of rare earth permanent magnet materials , imports amounted to $ 588 million , the price of imported goods is more than 2 times the unit price of export products ; use rare earth permanent magnet materials produced hard disk drive, China's exports of foreign enterprises to a profit of $ dozens , computer assembly business sales of a computer machine often profit was only 10 U.S. dollars, equivalent to only earn assemble " labor ." In particular, many cutting-edge products , it is difficult to spend money to buy , because some developed countries to national security grounds, to prohibit the export of these products.

In contrast , the United States , Japan and other developed countries, China's imports of rare earths from the raw material, its processing into various types of components and terminal application products to support large -scale cars, appliances, new energy, high-end equipment , electronic information , military, development of the aerospace , nuclear industry , chemical industry, environmental protection and other civilian high-tech industries, leveraging indirect economic output of a trillion dollars a year.

Foreign dominated core technology patents

With speed up the upgrading of traditional industries under the pressure of energy saving , the rapid development of new industries , rare earth application in various fields scale optical, electrical , magnetic, catalytic and other new materials will continue to expand . To this end , countries are actively developing rare earth application technology.

China Iron and Steel Research Institute, Li Wei , deputy chief engineer and other experts said that at present , the core technology patents majority of rare earth materials is dominated foreign companies , such as core patented technology NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet material is GM USA , Magnequench magnetic corporation and Sumitomo Corporation of Japan , Hitachi dominated core patent magnetostrictive materials, catalytic materials and other fields have been dominated by U.S. companies , the luminescent material patented technology has been dominated Japanese companies .

To represent the sintered rare earth NdFeB alloys , for example, by virtue of the patent , Sumitomo and other companies dominate the global sintered NdFeB sales market , Magnequench companies occupy more than 80 % of the world the bonded NdFeB market share. Part of the United States and Japan also agreed to provide a third country if the production of similar products into the United States , Europe and Japan , while the two sides of the patent must be purchased and received 5% of product sales as a commission. These enterprises through various means vague patents are valid , long-term profitability .

"Economic Information Daily" reporters learned that there are three of the earliest manufacturers of sintered NdFeB purchased the Japanese company's patented technology , each spent nearly 40 million yuan , later increased to five , after the May 2012 further increased 8 . Other companies did not buy patents , production and operation is very limited , often around 10% below the market price to sell to middlemen.

Other fields of rare earth alloy materials , there are similar problems. Li Wei , said the amount of rare earth in the application of new materials industry , currently accounting for 62 % of the total rare earth application of intellectual property controlled by others, has seriously hampered the development of the application of rare earth industry.

To make a little money overdraft mine life

Rare earths are collectively referred to as lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium and other 17 kinds of elements. Zhang Anwen said rare earth elements characteristic differences between large, influenced by the scale factor in the development of industrial materials , heat , etc., the application of the various species of very uneven, can be said to be cold and the poor.

For example , the application of rare earth materials , the fluorescent material as last year 03,100 tons , 05,000 tons of liquid crystal polishing materials , hydrogen storage material is about 03,000 tons , 04,500 tons catalytic materials , application amount of permanent magnet material is up to 36,600 tons . Since the permanent magnet materials needed for the production of praseodymium , neodymium, dysprosium, terbium content of rare earth elements mine is less , plus the demand and large, and therefore expensive .

In contrast , lanthanum , cerium, yttrium and other elements , mainly used in the field of fluorescence, polishing materials, rare earth mineral content in relatively more small -scale application of the global market, is showing serious excess capacity , lower prices phenomenon , the current surplus of nearly 50,000 tons per year.

REE is symbiotic . Zhang Anwen example, Bayan Obo rare earth ore reserves of rare earth resources , market tight praseodymium, neodymium only about 20% , cerium, lanthanum , but accounted for approximately 50% and 25 %, respectively , that is, the production of one ton per praseodymium, neodymium , it is necessary to produce 3.75 tons with lanthanum , cerium .

However , the temptation of economic benefits , some domestic rare earth mining , smelting enterprises in order to separate multiple varieties produce tight , often continue to expand the amount of rare earth mining and smelting of rare earth products in the total separation of the scale , a rare earth mine in this regard overdraft life, on the other hand also exacerbated lanthanum , cerium and other products oversupply .

Out of the money in the old mining

" RE upstream industry output value is very small, only apply it , the value of rare earths will be released. " Mapeng from that country's economic difficulties before us , all aspects of the development needs of foreign exchange, so a lot of the international export market tight rare earths, tungsten and other strategic resources of primary products , in exchange for foreign currency to support economic development . Today, we are the world's largest foreign exchange reserves , a huge amount of pressure in the hands of foreign exchange have become a hot potato , no need to walk cheap exports for foreign exchange resources, the old , and need a good plan about industrial development, sustainable use of resources and efficient use of a large account .

Zhang Anwen and other experts pointed out that the future of China's rare earth resources in the good source management , based on the research of rare earth must increase support for efforts to accelerate the level of application of rare earth industry , the real resource advantages into economic advantages , industrial advantage, strategic advantage. They recommend :

A further increase of rare earth research investment , fostering the growth of national research institutions and teams of rare earth , implementing a number of major fundamental and strategic research , accelerate the construction of the rare earth technology innovation system .

Second, with enterprises as the core, market-oriented research organization Union, to breakthroughs in a number of rare earth application of key technologies , to break the blockade of foreign enterprises in the patent ; foreign-related intellectual property litigation domestic rare earth alloy materials production enterprises jointly sponsored hoped that relevant departments to give strong support ,

Third, in the upstream separation smelting, alloying materials production areas, upgrade the industry threshold , accelerate mergers and acquisitions, to accelerate the cultivation of the scale , master the core technology of large enterprise groups ; in downstream applications, the introduction of policies to support small and medium- rare earth science and technology with the core technology enterprise applications , to support its "special , deep, unique, refined , the new" direction, and enhance industrial vitality.

Fourth, improve policies, rare earth elements to promote an integrated and balanced utilization. Strengthen lanthanum, cerium and other light rare earth elements applied research efforts ; total export quota under stable conditions , the compression in the proportion of heavy rare earth development and export ; introduction of policies to promote rare in both emerging industries and traditional industries applications.


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