Nearly 30 years, due to the high density tungsten alloy used successfully in the kinetic energy penetrators, and significantly improves the armor-piercing power, the consumption of the alloy is increased significantly. Penetrators alloy materials development through the following stages: high-strength steel -WC Carbide - sintered tungsten alloy - deep processing of high-density tungsten alloy (deformation processing and heat treatment) - High-density tungsten alloy composites.
In 1976, the fourth generation of armor-piercing tungsten alloy bomb core material base developed. By the 1980s, some of the major countries of the world are on a dozen tanks and dozens of artillery equipped with a tungsten alloy penetrators, artillery caliber from 60mm to 125mm, the maximum weight of up to bomb core 4kg, and assembled using a variety of forms (eg overall, multi-block, plus steel sleeve, etc.). Since the study and improvement of the mechanical properties and ballistic performance of high-density tungsten alloy, coupled with the supply of tungsten raw materials continue to improve, some industry advocates tungsten can and should be used as the main material of armor-piercing bomb core.

High density tungsten alloy bomb core material for a long time focused on the alloy composition, powder metallurgy, heat treatment and deformation processing technology, but also inseparable from the scope of homogeneous material, it should be said to have made ​​gratifying achievements, the strength of the material is a major breakthrough. After 80 years, the overseas development of a variety of composite materials, such as complex 丝加基 plated material, composites infiltration wire (or fiber) composite powder (or wire) and matrix composed of uranium - tungsten composite materials and high density tungsten alloy fiber-reinforced composite materials.

Begins with a high density of armor-piercing tungsten alloy mid-1970s, only 15 years to complete from the state to the several stages of sintering heat treatment and deformation processing of state and other states of the replacement, and were in a different caliber and variety of shells successful application on the type of projectile.




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During the 1970s and 1980s, China's development and stereotypes produced three high-density tungsten alloy, and passed technical appraisal, armor-piercing bomb core material obtained as a successful application.

1.GW-1 alloy

GW-1 alloy is developed based on domestic raw materials for the first generation of tungsten alloy bomb core material, its main features are: (1) adding a small amount of elements made ​​of reinforced multicomponent alloys in W-Ni-Fe system, make this alloy has good sintering properties, no significant deflection after sintering, without the need for additional post-processing can achieve certain mechanical properties. (2) liquid-phase sintering process using powder metallurgy and easy process. (3) has good mechanical and physical properties, its main performance and the level of foreign alloy is quite similar, and has good machining properties.

GW-1 alloy from research to production in less than five years, the formation of the first generation of tungsten alloy bomb core material to fill the gaps in our tungsten alloy penetrators, laying the development of high muzzle velocity, high chamber pressure tungsten alloy armor-piercing bomb core material basis.

2.GW-2S high-density tungsten alloy

GW-2S alloy developed in the first generation of tungsten alloy penetrators on the basis of material up a high-density, high ductility, moderate strength alloys, it is to meet the high muzzle velocity, armor piercing high chamber pressure conditions in the semi-steel sleeve By using and developed a bomb core material. High density tungsten alloy can be heat treated, especially the use of vacuum heat treatment can improve the strength and ductility. But studies show that this heat treatment is only within a certain range of alloy composition to achieve good results. For this reason, studied the relationship between the heat treatment changes in Ni / Fe ratio, the further adjustment of the various process parameters to obtain a GW-2S alloys.

3. GW-3S high density tungsten alloy

With the high muzzle velocity kinetic energy penetrators, high chamber pressure, large slenderness ratio, and rely entirely on the strength of bomb core material itself to withstand high-speed transmission and ensure the normal development of the direction of flight of armor-piercing tungsten alloy material with more demanding, not only have high strength and high toughness and have a good dynamic. To do this they developed a GW-3S alloys. Through research, the better the traditional powder metallurgy and metal processing technology combined with modern, more comprehensive use of advanced scientific and technological achievements, so that the GW-3S alloy has a major breakthrough in terms of strength properties.


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Air defense, anti-radiation, anti-surface and other types of warhead commonly used fragmentation warhead, mainly rely fragment kinetic-kill goal. Fragmentation can effectively kill the target and hit the target speed when fragmentation is closely related to the shape and quality. Fragments of spherical tungsten alloy (tungsten beads) due to the high density, attenuation coefficient, strong armor-piercing capability, become anti-aircraft, anti-radiation, the main choice of object surfaces and other types of anti-fragmentation warhead design.

Tungsten alloy spherical fragments due to its large density, speed, and ability to maintain strong piercing has gradually become the preferred elements warhead damage, so characteristic of research piercing tungsten alloy spherical fragments have a very important value. For the past fragments piercing questions, mostly concentrated in the conventional projectile velocity (500m / s ~ 1300m / s) hit Steel Fragments of the armor-piercing experiments and mechanism study of a single homogeneous steel target under the target conditions, and most of that: the same bomb target under the condition, completely through the thickness of the target plate hit the target with increasing speed must increase. For high projectile velocity (1300m / s ~ 3000m / s) piercing, pressure close to or exceed the material strength, impact body and the target material presented liquidity. In addition, with the increase of the target hit rate, tungsten alloy finite thickness of the initial invasion of impactor plate erosion and fragmentation phenomenon occurs, have a greater impact on the piercing process. Thus, the specific quality tungsten alloy fragments of penetration and steel target body there is a limit.




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