In general, the term machinability can be defined as how easily the material can be machined or cut to the desired shape in terms of tool and process conditions, taking into account surface finish and tool life. The machinability of cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys is comparable to other advanced materials such as nickel and titanium alloys, which are classified as difficult-to-cut materials due to their unique characteristics of high strength, toughness, wear resistance, and low thermal conductivity.

Cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are considered advanced materials and are popular in a variety of engineering and medical applications. However, it is classified as a difficult material to machine due to its unique combination of properties, including high strength, toughness, wear resistance, and low thermal conductivity.

The researchers found that tungsten disulfide (WS2) can be converted into a direct semiconductor with a band gap of 2.1 eV by controlling the chemical composition and number of layers due to the quantum confinement effect. In addition, WS2 has better saturable absorption properties than graphene and carbon nanotubes in the near- and mid-infrared bands. Due to these excellent properties, it is increasingly being used in laser saturable absorbers (SAs).