Cemented carbide or tungsten carbide (W2C) is widely used in cutting tools, drilling tools and wear-resistant tools due to its excellent tensile strength, fracture toughness, thermal shock resistance and hardness. By reducing the grain size of WC or adding appropriate reinforcing materials, the mechanical properties of cemented carbide can be greatly improved. The grain size of WC can be suppressed by adding a grain inhibitor or using low-temperature rapid sintering.

Photocatalytic degradation is considered as a promising technology for complete wastewater decontamination because of its organic and synthetic dormancy, essential limit, cost-viability, and long haul security against chemical corrosion. Photocatalytic degradation on dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) has gained a lot attention.

Ammonium paratungstate (APT) is a known intermediate to produce metallic tungsten, tungsten-containing catalysts, or tungsten-based hard materials (such as tungsten carbide) or sputtering targets. The latter application requires particularly high purity APT. There are two major source of tungsten which include tungsten ores and recycle of tungsten scraps.

In the past few decades, electrochromic devices have received great attention from researchers in related fields in the materials industry. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is one of the most common electrochromic films that, utilized as electrodes for smart window applications, aiming at reducing the energy consumption in buildings.