As a phase change material (PCM), vanadium dioxide (VO₂) undergoes a transition from a high temperature tetragonal phase to a low temperature monoclinic phase at around 68° C. This phase change occurs on the order of nanoseconds and is reversible multiple times, accompanied by light, electrical, magnetic and other properties such as refractive index n, reflectivity R and resistivity and a series of mutations. Therefore, vanadium dioxide has broad application prospects in smart window materials, optical storage, photoelectric switches and infrared radiation detectors.

Engine is the heart of modern industrial technology. Adding lubricant additive into engine can reduce friction, wear, heat dissipation, cleaning, sealing and cushioning. Its purpose is to reduce piston wear, reduce energy loss and improve fuel economy.

With the increasingly stringent regulations and fuel specifications of the global refining industry, the deep removal of sulfur compounds in fuel oil has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, there have been many different exploration methods, including adsorption desulfurization (ADS). Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) and extractive desulfurization; among them, ODS has attracted great research interest because it can not only react under mild conditions but also exhibit high activity for aromatic sulfur compounds. The key to oxidative desulfurization lies in the synthesis of one. A catalyst having high catalytic activity and easy separation and recovery.

The front and rear casings of the aero-engine compressor are made of iron-based and nickel-based alloys respectively. During the process of use, the butt joints of the front and rear casings are in a vibrating state, and are prone to impact wear and damage after a period of wear. The life of the front and rear casings is shortened, so it is necessary to prepare a coating with high wear resistance to solve the wear of aviation equipment and prolong the service life of aviation equipment.