Carbide is a word that refers to a variety of carbon compounds. While there are several different types of carbide, tungsten carbide is the type most commonly used for cutting or drilling tools; it is very hard, relatively inexpensive, and will retain a sharp edge for a long time. While tungsten carbide is noted for its remarkable durability, a tungsten carbide tool may need occasional sharpening if it is used regularly.

Instructions

        1
        Determine if your tool needs sharpening. One easy way to decide if your tool is becoming dull is to see if it reflects light well. Shine is an indication of wear. You can also gently scrape a fingernail on a blade and see if it shaves off a sliver; if it does not, the blade is dull. Touch is not necessarily a good way to determine if a blade is sharp, as a dull carbide tool may still feel sharp.

        2
        Find a professional sharpening service. Sharpening carbide is not recommended for non-professionals, as it requires skill and specific sharpening machinery. Imprecise sharpening can ruin a tool, and a professional can restore a blade to like-new condition.

        3
        If you are interested in learning how to sharpen blades yourself, it is recommended that you locate a teacher.

        4
        Carbide tools require diamond for sharpening, due to their hardness. Wet grinding using an abrasive wheel on an automatic grinder is a very precise method of sharpening. It is also possible to sharpen a tool by using a diamond lap, but this is very imprecise and time-consuming.

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Sharpening a tungsten ensures that the arc of your tig weld remains small and symmetrical. If you attempt to weld with a blunt-tipped tungsten, the resulting weld will look sloppy and drift outside the ideal welding site-line, and the tungsten will begin to arc itself to the weld and stick. Sharpening a tungsten is simple, and completing this process will ensure that each pass you make with your welder is fluid. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

        1
        A wheel grinder is the fastest way to sharpen your tungsten. 

        Put on your safety glasses and welding gloves. Remove the tungsten from the welder's torch and turn on the wheel grinder.

        2
        Hold the tungsten against the grinding wheel lightly. The wheel will grind the tungsten quickly, so there is no need to apply a lot of pressure. The angle of the tungsten should be 15 degrees parallel to the grinding wheel. You want your tungsten to have the same look as a freshly sharpened pencil.

        3
        Rotate the tungsten in your fingers as you hold it against the wheel at a 15-degree angle. Twist the tungsten all the way around several times until the end is a sharp point, the neck of the tungsten's point tapering in about 1.5 inches from the point.

        4
        Check your work. When you are satisfied, wipe the end of the tungsten clean with a rag to remove all debris. You are ready to begin tig welding again.

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The PalmOne Tungsten E2 handheld device is the successor of the Tungsten E Palm Pilot and has many upgraded features, such as an updated operating system and a bright color screen. It has a 3.7-inch TFT color screen and customizable keys for use with the calendar, contacts, tasks and notepad features. Like its predecessor, the PalmOne Tungsten E2's main organization use is accomplished through its many applications. The overall control navigation and use of the Tungsten PalmOne is relatively simple.

Instructions

        1
        Press the "Power" button to turn the Tungsten E2 on. The "Power " button is found on the top of the device.

        2
        Slide the stylus out of the side slot. You will hold the stylus like a pen and tap different areas on the Tungsten E2 screen to continue.
 
        3
        Tap on a desired application icon on the Tungsten E2 display screen. The applications to choose from may range from the "Memo" to the "Calendar." Once you tap the application icon, another display screen will open with the specific information and buttons for that application.

        4
        Use the Command buttons, such as "Previous/Next" arrows, "Scroll bar," "OK" and "Cancel," to navigate through the application features. You will use the stylus to tap to desired command button(s).

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Accurately measuring your finger for its tungsten ring size is pretty simple. There is a standard North American conversion scale, and the same scale is used for both men and women. Note that it's best to measure your finger later in the day; fingers do swell a bit and you might have trouble removing a ring if you don't take this into account when sizing it.

Instructions

        1
        Cut a thin strip of paper.

        2
        Wrap the paper around your finger. Make sure the paper is below the joint of your finger and close to your knuckle.    
       
        3
        Mark the spot where the paper meets and measure the distance with your ruler.

        4
        Use the following chart to determine your  tungsten ring size. Rings also come in half sizes, the measurements of which, of course, will fall somewhere in between the whole sizes.

        5
        If you're still in doubt, download a printable ring size chart. Many online jewelers offer these, and their charts might be slightly more accurate for their particular  tungsten rings.

       Alternatively, go to the jewelry counter at your local discount retailer, such as K-Mart, Target or Walmart. You'll get a fitting without the pressure to buy that comes with going to a jewelry store.

Tips & Warnings

    Printable ring size charts can help you surprise a loved one — you simply match an existing ring to the circle representing the correct  tungsten ring size.

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A sturdy, durable metal, tungsten is used to make rings designed to last a lifetime. However, this durability can prove a downfall: Unlike other metals used in rings, which remain malleable over time and can be adjusted to fit changing finger sizes, tungsten is impossible to remold once it has been formed and forged into a shape. Jewelers design tungsten rings for comfort fit--meaning, an extra curve in the design makes them run a half size larger than most rings. Accurately determining your ring size and adjusting for tungsten's characteristics can provide you with a comfortable and durable ring. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

        1
        Measure your ring size when your hands are warm and you have been active for at least a few hours. Activity and temperature can change the size of your fingers, and fingers are at their largest when they are warm, especially toward the end of the day.

        2
        Try on multiple rings or ring sizers at a jewelry store, or print a ring sizing chart from an online retailer. Find the ring size that fits comfortably and snugly at the very base of your finger. This is your normal ring size.

        3
        Subtract a half size from your normal ring size to determine your tungsten comfort fit size. For example, if your normal ring size is an 8, your tungsten size is 7.5.

Tips & Warnings

    If you already know your regular ring size, simply subtract a half size to determine your tungsten size.

    Some jewelers will have the option for you to try on "comfort fit" ring sizers. If you use a comfort fit sizer, do not subtract the half size, as the comfort fit is the exact design of the tungsten ring.

    Tungsten rings cannot be reshaped. If you provided or received the wrong ring size, contact your manufacturer or retailer for replacement options.

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Tungsten lighting is a term used by photographers to distinguish from fluorescent lighting or strobe lighting. Tungsten is a type of incandescent lighting using a bulb with a filament made of the metal tungsten, as opposed to, say, carbon or platinum. Unless you have switched to compact fluorescents, most of the lighting in your home is tungsten. In still photography, tungsten lighting gave studio photographers greater flexibility than the classic north sky light. Tungsten lights reigned supreme for many years in commercial studios until the introduction of strobes (or speed lights) and some workers still prefer tungsten for its controllability (what you see is what you get). For television and cinematography tungsten is essential.

Tungsten lamps specifically for photographic purposes are made to very tight tolerances since most photography or cinematography today is done in color. For photography, tungsten lamps are produced in two types, having very specific "color temperatures:" type B lamps, the most common, have a color temperature of 3200 degrees Kelvin (3200°K); type A lamps had a color temperature of 3400°K and were matched to Kodachrome Type A (ASA/ISO 40). This material is now discontinued and so far as I know there are no other Type A still stocks on the market.

Without getting too tediously technical we should try briefly to explain "color temperature:" The higher the color temperature, the bluer the light. The lower the color temperature, the more yellow to red the light. Noon daylight (sun shining, no cloud cover) in the area of the globe between the tropics is considered for practical purposes to have a color temperature of 5000 degrees Kelvin (5000°K). "Daylight" color films, or your default setting on your digital camera, are balanced for ±5000°K. Electronic flashes ("strobes" or "speed lights" or the little strobe on your camera) have a nominal color temperature equal to noon daylight. All other light sources have different color temperatures and theoretically require some sort of compensation to render "true" color, either by filtering the film or the light or by changing the film or settings on the camera. If you are using studio quality tungsten lighting, you should also use a type-B incandescent balanced film, or set your digital camera for either AUTO or incandescent. In practice, plain household tungsten lighting (color temperature around 2800°K) will yield a perfectly acceptable photograph with a type-B film or with your digital camera set on auto or incandescent.

Most 3200°K studio lamps used today are tungsten halogen. Halogen lamps have quartz envelopes and are filled with a halogen gas such as iodine or bromine. The gas combines with the evaporated tungsten from the filament during use and helps some of the tungsten plate back onto the filament when it cools, lengthening the life of the lamp. The quartz envelope does not darken over the life of the lamp, so the color temperature does not significantly change, nor does its brilliance.

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"No One In UK Safe As Big Chill Sets In," warns Sky News. BBC is less apocalyptic but, still, prepare for demand for ice tyres.

"Forecasters predict up to two weeks of wintry weather, with plummeting temperatures and snowfall possible in many areas," warns Sky News. The BBC is not so flustered: "this week may begin a transition to some colder weather. The rest of January looks as though it may continue to bring colder than average temperatures with an increased risk of some snowfall."

But if there's a long period of ice and snow in our future, bike shops should be prepared for a spike in sales of bike tyres dotted with tungsten carbide studs. Stocks of studded tyres are likely to dwindle as the cold weather approaches.

Gritted roads may be safe to cycle on but not all roads get gritted. And unlike in the Netherlands, very few bike paths in the UK get gritted (and even fewer are heated). So, more and more cyclists who wish to keep commuting by bike are now using tyres studded with 'spikes'. In previous cold snaps studded tyres from brands such as Nokian, Conti and Schwalbe sold out very quickly.

The Schwalbe supplier in the UK - Bohle - supplies studded tyres for MTBs, 700c road and cross bikes, and some folding bikes. Cambrian Tyres stocks spike tyres from Continental: the Spike Claw for MTBs and Nordic Spike for 700c bikes.

In 2010, an NHS study found that falls on black ice are a major cause of bike crashes. The study - by NHS Bristol - was the UK’s largest and most comprehensive survey into non-collision cycling incidents, ie crashes that do not involve another road user.

The survey revealed that slipping on ice is the most common non-collision incident, being mentioned by 26 percent of respondents. The next most common incident noted was slipping on wet roads, with 8 percent of reported incidents.

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ExOne, a North Huntingdon manufacturing company that relies on technology some speculate will fuel the next industrial revolution, has filed plans to raise up to $75 million through a public offering of an undisclosed number of shares.

Documents the company filed Tuesday with the Securities and Exchange Commission indicate ExOne will use the proceeds to expand its capacity and capabilities, pay off a $9.6 million line of credit it has with its majority stockholder and repurchase production equipment it leases from two related entities for $3 million.

No information was provided about how the shares will be priced. The IPO is being managed by FBR Capital Markets.

The filing indicates ExOne lost $11.1 million in the first nine months of last year on revenue of $15.9 million. ExOne said 30 percent of its revenue for the nine-month period came from the Americas, 34 percent from Europe and 29 percent from Asia.

The company lost $8 million in 2011 on revenue of $15.3 million.

ExOne is one of a growing number of companies that rely on 3-D printing to make complex parts using digital imaging. Its customers include Boeing, Ford Motor, BMW, Caterpillar and Deere & Co.

So-called 3-D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves slicing digital images of industrial pumps, automotive equipment and other products into hundreds or thousands of layers the width of a human hair. That data is sent to a 3-D printer similar to an inkjet printer.

But instead of ink, the printer emits alternating layers of sand and powdered materials into a box, where a liquid binder holds the layers together, resulting in a physical version of the digital image.

The technology eliminates weeks of bending, molding, punching, grinding and machining parts that must then be assembled into a finished product. Advocates say 3-D printing will revolutionize industry by bringing more manufacturing back to the United States.

ExOne currently makes products out of ceramic, stainless steel, bronze and glass. The filing stated proceeds from the offering will help it move into titanium, aluminum, tungsten carbide and other materials.

ExOne grew out of Extrude Hone Corp. and was acquired for $7.2 million in 2007 by S. Kent Rockwell, ExOne's chairman and majority shareholder. Mr. Rockwell and other owners have invested another $40.7 million in equity and debt since then, the document states.

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Research findings on Nuclear Physics are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Erlangen, Germany, research stated, "A new Geant4-based code MCADS (Monte Carlo model for Accelerator Driven Systems) aimed at Monte Carlo simulations of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) is developed and validated. It is used to study neutron production and energy deposition in spallation targets made of non-fissile and fissile materials."

 "Detailed simulations are performed for monolithic tungsten and uranium targets irradiated by 600 MeV protons. We have found that the number of produced neutrons per proton is about 3 times higher in the uranium target, while the energy deposition per neutron is almost the same in both targets. We have also considered a uranium target with admixture of Am-241 and estimated its burning rate."

According to the news editors, the research concluded: "Our conclusion is that up to 4-5 kg of minor actinides can be burnt by an ADS facility during the first year of its operation."

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When choosing their wedding band, many men and women choose to go the Tungsten ring route. This is a good choice. One advantage, especially for men, is that tungsten wedding bands require much less care and tend to maintain their look better than gold or platinum wedding rings. Unlike gold or platinum rings, which are softer metals, tungsten rings are very durable and scratch resistant. For example, gold rings can scratch even while you’re cleaning them.

However, just because tungsten carbide rings are extremely durable does not mean that they do not need to be cleaned at all. All forms of jewelry, including tungsten jewelry, require maintenance. However, you must take care to use the proper cleaning solutions and techniques so that you do not cause damage to your ring.

Cleaning your ring:

To get started, here are some suggested items to get started for cleaning your tungsten ring: a clean cotton towel, mild hand soap and an old toothbrush.

Turn on the water and rinse your ring. Place some of the mild hand soap you are using onto the toothbrush you are going to use. Then, simply clean the ring using the toothbrush. The bristles of the brush are great for getting into any grooves, if your ring has any.

If your ring is extremely dirty, you can soak your ring in a mixture of warm water and soap for about half an hour. After done soaking, clean as described above.

Important Information regarding cleaning your tungsten:

Do not, by any means, using any harsh cleaning materials/chemicals such as ammonia, bleach or chlorine. These chemicals can damage your tungsten ring. It would be wise to avoid any chlorine treated pools or Jacuzzis when using your ring. Avoid using jewelry cleaning solutions as they are generally designed for other types of jewelry materials.

Ultrasonic jewelry cleaners are not recommended either. Ultrasonic jewelry cleaners aren’t necessary to make your tungsten ring look its best. Moreover, the solutions ultrasonic jewelry cleaners tend to use, may damage your tungsten ring.

How to Properly Care for your Tungsten ring.

The key thing for the care of your ring is to avoid harsh chemicals. If you regularly use bleach in your household cleaning or laundry, it is best to remove your ring before engaging in those activities. If, however, you accidentally get some of these harsh chemicals on your ring, it is best to quickly rinse your ring off and clean the ring with soap and water as described above.

Now that your ring is looking sharp again after removing the grime, you’ll notice that your ring will not have any scratches. The ring, while scratch resistant, is not indestructible. Note: the ring is not indestructible and can be scratched, by diamonds, the hardest substance on earth. Given enough shock or pressure a tungsten ring (or even a diamond) can break. Reputable retailers usually offer a free lifetime warranty for these kinds of accidents.

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