Carbide is a compound that is formed from carbon and another metal, typically tungsten, although there are many types of carbides, all with slightly different properties. Carbide is noted for its strength and durability and is often used in parts for tools. Because it is designed for durability, carbide has some fairly unique characteristics and determining if an item is made from carbide is not very difficult. Learning to distinguish carbide from other materials can be a valuable skill, as recycling carbide is fairly profitable.

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Tungsten carbide powder is commonly used for hardfacing metals. Hardfacing is the process in which a tougher, harder material is applied to a softer base metal. Tungsten carbide improves the wear-resistant properties of a base metal. It is applied to mining equipment parts (shovel teeth, heel plates, bucket wheel excavator teeth, wear parts, crushing hammers, cutter drums and longwall miners), mineral processing equipment (hammers, chutes, pulverizing and grinding parts), earth-moving and construction equipment (grader blades, cutting edges, augers, trencher teeth, ground engaging tools and tunneling equipment), drilling tools, processing equipment and agriculture equipment (subsoilers, discs and injectors).

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Tungsten carbide is used in common consumer goods, including razor blades. Tungsten carbide powder is used in men's wedding bands to give them a dark hue and to improve their scratch-resistance. Tungsten carbide powder is used to make sporting equipment and devices, such as trekking poles, cross-country skis, bicycle studs and drive tracks for snowmobiles. Hikers and trekkers use tungsten carbide-tipped poles and walking sticks to reduce pressure on leg joints and for balance. They are effective in providing traction on rock surfaces.

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Solid carbide is more expensive than steel tools or carbide-tipped drills. In addition, solid carbide is brittle and must be used in a rigid, stable setup that minimizes vibration and movement. Solid carbide also requires a steady temperature or the tools may fracture. Flood coolant can keep carbide cool.

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By drying, calcination tungstate and ammonium paratungstate can be prepared from tungsten trioxide. Drying temperatures around 100℃, the main material is physically adsorbed water vapor but only at higher temperatures the material is calcined to remove ammonium paratungstate and tungstic acid molecule of water and ammonia compounds.

Acid usually calcination in air, 180 ℃ starts dehydration at 500 ℃ for complete dehydration, tungsten oxide formation: H2WO4 = WO3 + H2O ↑

Ammonium paratungstate calcined by heating in air at different temperatures will produce different phase, when the temperature is raised to about 500 ℃, can be completely converted to tungsten trioxide.

Shao-Yi, who used differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction observation during calcination of APT and analysis, that the heating APT in the air phase change its course as follows: at a temperature of not less than 240 ℃, APT converted to ammonium metatungstate (AMT), continue heating to 300 ~ 350C, the conversion of the amorphous material (ammonium tungsten bronze ATB), temperature was raised to 400C, into a hexagonal type W03, temperature reached 500 ℃, to obtain a three triclinic crystal tungsten oxide. The purity determined APT purity tungsten trioxide, APT crystal form of the crystal tungsten trioxide hereditary, calcination temperature and the rate of thermal decomposition of the product physical properties of tungsten trioxide has a significant impact.

Calcined at different temperatures with a number of APT, WO3 products vary greatly surface area and particle size, the higher the calcination temperature, the more coarse particle size of the obtained WO3.


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