Nano-tungsten bronze compounds with general formula of MxWO3 (M = Na+, K+, Cs+, etc., 0 < x < 1) have received widespread attention due to their high transmittance in visible region and excellent shielding performance in near infrared (NIR) region.

Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen reacts with oxygen across an electrochemical cell like that of a battery to produce electricity, water, and small amounts of heat. Fuel cells and hydrogen are the two clean energies considered to be possible substitutes of fossil fuel. Fuel cells are a promising technology for use as a source of heat and electricity for buildings, and as an electrical power source for electric motors propelling vehicles. Fuel cells operate best on pure hydrogen. But fuels like natural gas, methanol, or even gasoline can be reformed to produce the hydrogen required for fuel cells. Some fuel cells even can be fuelled directly with methanol, without using a reformer.

In nuclear fusion reactors, plasma facing materials (PFMs) are inevitably impacted by a series of particle flows and accompanying energy flows. Due to the favorable physical properties under particle flows and heat load, tungsten and tungsten-based materials are considered the most promising PFMs. Under the condition of fusion service environment, tungsten and its composites suffer low energy (tens of eV to several KeV) and high flux (up to 1022–1024m−2s−1) hydrogen-helium plasma-irradiation damage, resulting in performance degradation and shortened service time seriously affecting the safety and reliability of fusion devices

Mercury pollution, serving as a toxic heavy metal, removal of mercury has always been an important environmental issue. As the largest mercury emissions country, Chinese mercury emissions derived from coal-fired industry increased from 45.1 t in 1978 to 175.7 t in 2014. It was estimated that atmospheric mercury emissions derived from coal incineration were 202.3 tons in 2018.