Swaging is a very fast metal forming process, eg. 4-6 parts per minute. In addition to the speed of manufacture, the swaging process itself improves the mechanical strength properties of tungsten alloy rod due to the work hardening phenomenon. Improved strength properties allow one to form very thin walled tubes, or to use tungsten alloy rod of a lower hardness classification (less expensive material). This would not be possible with conventional metal cutting operations. Swaging can be applied up to tungsten alloy rod length of some 1000 mm.

Tungsten alloy rod manufacturing by swaging has another key benefit, namely weight optimization combined with forming of internal geometries. Since the material volume of the tungsten alloy rod remains constant, a reduction of the outside diameter of a solid bar would lead to an increased length of the same tungsten alloy rod. In the case of a drive shaft for a passenger car made of a solid bar, 20% material savings can be obtained by swaging compared to traditional metal cutting techniques.

In most cases swaging works on the basis of tungsten alloy rod that is hammered down to a specific diameter. However, the swaging process actually allows the manufacturer to vary the wall thickness of tungsten alloy rod to match certain requirements for weight distribution and strength. In that context it is also important to stress that the swaging process allows one to form internal splines or other geometries with net shape accuracy (i.e quality IT7, and sometimes IT6 would be obtainable).

A third key benefit of swaging is the excellent surface quality, and is directly comparable with a ground surface. More specifically, a surface roughness of Ra 0.1-0.3 can be obtained for internal geometries, and on outer surfaces for recess swaging Ra 0.6-1.0 can be guaranteed.

A fourth benefit that certainly shall not be neglected is the very long and reliable service life of the swaging tools. As a rule of thumb, the tools do not wear out but crack, which means that only good parts are swaged until tool breakage. Another rule of thumb is that swaging tools made of tungsten carbide have a 4-5 times longer service life than tools made of tool steel. So for large production series, carbide tools should be applied.

Put in short: Swaging offers a fast, reliable, and cost effective manufacturing process that also saves weight of tungsten alloy rod without giving in on requirements as strength, functionality or quality.


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Although tungsten alloy has high density and good mechanical property, properties of tungsten alloy surface such as poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance limit the applications in some aspects.

For that scientists do researches on handling tungsten alloy surface. Dini carried on chemical corrosion on tungsten alloy surface. Then a lay was electroplating deposited on tungsten alloy surface, improving anchoring strength between Ni and tungsten alloy surface so that improved the corrosion resistance on tungsten alloy surface. Eroglu, Ekren and Baykara hardened the surface of 92.5W-5.25Ni-2.25Fe directly in the atmosphere combining CH₄ and Ar, under the temperature of 1200℃.


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Military tungsten alloy cube is usually consisted of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co, Mo, Cr , etc., The most important property for tungsten alloy cube is that small volume with high density, which means it could be used in some fields need the little but heavy parts, such as the counterweights of golf club, fishing weights, counterweights for military defense, such as counterweights for hunting gun, prefabricated fragments, the missile weapons, armor piercing ammunitio; counterweights for oil logging; also some fields concerning with precision instrument, such as mobile phone vibrator, clock cube, self-winding watches, anti-vibration toll holders, flywheel weights, etc

Military tungsten alloy cube has excellent radiation resistance, electric and thermal conductibities and corrosion resistance characters with high density (16---18.5g/cm3) and good mechanical strength. It has small coefficient of expansion and large elastic modulus. Tungsten alloy cube is extensively used in military equipment.

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Through liner deformation (deformation amount is 27%), tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of 90% tungsten alloy swaging rod are 1200MPa, 1165MPa and 7%. We have known that deformation of forging has influence on properties of tungsten alloy. So using liner deformation, tensile strength of 90% tungsten alloy swaging rod is 1200MPa and elongation is 10%. During three times circular swaging deformation amount of 90% tungsten alloy swaging rod is increased from 16.9% to 38.9%~48.1% and strength is improved greatly too.

For material of tungsten alloy armor piercing whose aspect ratio is about 16 and tensile strength is about 1200MPa, it can meet the requirement by using liner deformation. While for newly developed tungsten alloy armor piercing whose has large aspect ratio (aspect ratio is higher or equal to 30~40) and high tenacity (σ_b≥1500MPa，δ≥8%~10%), it needs to be swaged for several times so that can meet the requirement.


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Of particular importance to ordnance applications are the properties of tensile strength and ductility. Tensile strength is required for alloys used in kinetic energy penetrator designed to defeat multiple space armor, for higher tensile strength, deeper armor rod penetrating under the same conditions. Besides sufficient strength the penetrator rod must remain ductile enough to endure flexure when hitting on the armor without fracture and endure greater cold working deformation to further improve strength. So tungsten alloy swaging rod with high tensile strength and good ductility is desirable for making the penetrator rod.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod is a particle composite which contains a very large percentage of nearly spherical tungsten particles embedded in a ductile matrix of nickel -iron. This composite structure results in a high density material with a useful combination of mechanical properties: high strength, moderate, ductility and outstanding thermal conductivity.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod which being made of tungsten alloy blank also possess the properties the tungsten alloy has. And tungsten alloy swaging rod has been improved the properties of tensile strength through swaging and machining. The properties above make tungsten alloy swaging rod an attractive for many military and civil applications, such as depleted uranium penetrators, bullet, armor piercing, rifle bullet, snipe rifle penetrator and so on.

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Introduction of tungsten alloy swaging rod:
Tungsten alloy swaging rod is machined by tungsten heavy alloy, so it has the good properties of tungsten heavy alloy, such as: high density, small volume, good corrosion resistance, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, etc. Tungsten alloy swaging rod is frequently swaged. After the centerless grinder process, the surface intergrity and accuracy of the diameter are improved. It can be produced in a variety of near-final shapes, but the most frequently encountered shape is cylindrical rods.

Features:
1.Tungsten alloy swaging rod's tensile strength is better than the same kind of tungsten alloy rod;
2.The diameters of tungsten alloy rod through swaging can reach 3mm or larger; 
3.The single weight of the common rod can reach 100 kilograms.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod properties:
*High density
*High melting point
*High tensile strength
*High ductility
*High temperature resistance
*Low vapor pressure
*Excellent hardness
*Superior wearing resistance
*Non-toxicity

Advantages of tungsten alloy swaging rod:
Titanium is also a popular used material for producing swaging rod. It possesses high strength, toughness, durability, corrosion resistance and biological compatibility physical qualities. However, Titanium's density is much lower than tungsten, which makes it difficult in the situation of needing high mass with limited volume. Relatively speaking, tungsten alloy swaging rod is with high density, high melting point, excellent hardness, high tensile strength, high temperature resistance, superior wearing resistance and low vapor pressure. Therefore, tungsten alloy swaging rodgradually stands out among the various swaging rod making materials.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for counterweight:
Tungsten alloy swaging rod is the best material used as counterweight, because tungsten alloy has the properties of high density with small volume, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, high radiation resistance, high temperature resistance, etc.



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1. Small volume
High density make tungsten alloy fishing sinker smaller than the conventional lead fishing weighs. It will be hung up far less with a tungsten sinker than with a lead sinker because of its smaller size.

2. Hard
It's harder than lead fishing weight. It will not be stuck in the jowl of the fish. So the shape will be maintained longer.

3. Strong wind resistance
As the high density of tungsten, the tungsten alloy fishing sinker makes your fishing easier. It is extremely sensitive and can actually help you "feel" what the bottom is made of and what your bait is bumping into, such as brush, rocks, mud, etc.

Tungsten fishing sinker is an ideal, environment-friendly alternative to lead weights, which are toxic and increasingly being labeled an environmental hazard.

The main specifications are: drop type, bullet type, Circular tube type, ball type.


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Tungsten copper military shaped charge liner is part of armor-piercing projectile which plays an important role in action. Commonly used shaped charge liner is taper angle form. Generally, cone angle is ranging from 120 to 160 degrees.

Armor-piercing projectile rely on kinetic energy of the projectile to penetrate armor and destroy the target. Armor-piercing projectile are high velocity, long shooting distance and high precision of shooting, is the main ammunition of tank guns and the anti-tank guns. It also used in naval gun, coastal gun , anti-aircraft artillery and airborne cannon and used for mutilating tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.

The theory of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner is called cavity effect .When the armor-piercing projectile detonates, the high temperature and high pressure instantaniously melting shaped charge ,then forming high temperature and speed metal jet which can sear even burnthrough the armored steel. So it is show that armor-piercing projectile take effective action by the cavity effect rather than rely on the kinetic energy.

Armor-piercing projectile’s armor ability is different when adopting different material of shaped charge. Copper used as material for shaped charge liner with low melting point and good ductility, however the density of copper is low and easily deformation, so it commonly mixed with tungsten to improve the density, which increase the armor ability of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner.


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Tungsten copper military alloy is fabricated from the two mutual indissolvable metal of tungsten and copper, which combines the properties of good hardness, high melting point and low coefficient of thermal expansion of tungsten with copper’s of high conductivity and high thermal conductivity, it is a kind of well performance composite. Copper tungsten military material not only has good thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, but also can design its thermal conductivity and coefficient of expansion by changing its tungsten copper content.

Tungsten copper military alloy is easy to be machined. And with this series of fine characteristic, so copper tungsten military has been widely used in mechanical, electrical, instruments and other civil industrial, and also is widely in making important as well as complex components for aviation, spaceflight, weapons in the military industrial.

The theory of copper tungsten military materials applied as high temperature material in military use is that when the air temperature is close to event exceed the temperature melting point of tungsten (over3,000 ℃), the content of copper in tungsten copper materials evaporate and then absorb a great deal of heat , which greatly reduce temperature of tungsten copper military made parts. The table below shows the properties of high temperature tungsten copper.

Few materials could continue working in such high temperature. Therefore, one of the important use of tungsten copper military alloy is as high-speed and high temperature airflow ablation and flushing parts in rockets and missiles, such as gas helm, nozzle, throat lining, the nose cones, etc. In addition it still can be used as a medical cover of tank, the tailpipe and orbit materials of electromagnetic gun. With these applications, copper tungsten military materials should be handled strictly as the following two items.

In order to guarantee the properties of high temperature strength, good resistance to ablation, and erosion resistant of tungsten copper military alloy in high temperature ,it must be sure the high density of framework and skeleton intensity of tungsten, therefore, copper tungsten militarymaterials in this application generally contain 5% to 10% copper.

And for the sake of making the tungsten copper military alloy gasification and smoothly reduce the material surface temperature by absorbing large mass of heat, it must be ensure that tungsten skeleton pore have very good connectivity and good capillary function at low copper content.


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Tungsten copper military gas vane is a device for controlling aircraft, rockets, spacecraft, and the like during those parts of a flight where gas vanes are not effective.Tungsten copper military gas vanes vary in design from plates that change the thrust direction of a gas flow to complicated guide vanes. In aircraft, gas vanes are used during take off and landing conditions .While in rockets and spacecraft they are used during the initial portions of a flight and for control in non atmospheric conditions.

The theory is that when the solid rocket motor outbursts the high temperature, high speed gas flow ,tungsten copper military gas vane can make the copper molten in the structure of tungsten skeleton infiltrate , evaporate, then effusion.

When the tungsten copper changing in the phase state, tungsten copper need to intake large mount of heat for the sake of cooling, and the good thermal conductivity of cooper makes the tungsten copper military gas vane with the function of cooling and keep the ablativity at low extent to satisfy the requirements of controlling system.


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