If the rare earth export tariffs were canceled, smuggling of rare earth profits will be significantly reduced and bear greater risk, then the enterprise will naturally turn to informal channels, smuggling of rare earth or will disappear.

January 21, at a regular press conference held at the Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang, announced that, in accordance with changes in domestic and international market development, and approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Commerce decided to January 1, 2015 start Cancel rare earth export quotas and export tariffs retain until May 2, 2015. In other words, beginning May 2 of this year, China will abolish tariffs on exports of rare earths.

While the industry has long predicted will cancel tariffs on exports of rare earths, but I did not expect such a fast pace. For the cancellation of export tariffs and export quotas of rare earth will soon be canceled, said Shen Danyang, which is to co-ordinate domestic and foreign markets, a specific trade policy options and resources, and is in line with the reform of resource products management system for a domestic rare earth measures, while also considering a policy adjustment related WTO rulings execution carried out.

Elimination of export duties or suppress smuggling

Rare earth export tariffs or canceled on May 2 this year the news came out, the secondary market for rare earth permanent magnet plates listed company's share price has reacted, sweeping away the haze a few days ago.

For rare earth export restrictions regime or to cancel, some analysts believe that this means that the full realization of the export of rare earth market management. The future management of the rare earth industry will be fully implemented in the domestic administration, however, leaving the country's rare earth industry regulation time only six months, hitting, resource tax reform, improve environmental protection and the effective purchasing and storage will become the next focus.

Since 2011, China's rare earth industry has experienced four years of adjustment, the bottom of the cycle itself has already reversed basis, the current price has dropped to the bottom of the industry recognized and less inventory has not become decisive suppress prices factors, in addition to the rare earth continued hitting some areas, the effect is significant. The analysts believe that China loses WTO fully liberalized under the forced exit can be considered a landmark event in China's rare earth industry, will accelerate the promotion of products such as rare earth resources management reform, or for high-level government renewed attention to the rare earth industry opportunity will improve the strategic position of the rare earth industry in the country.

Prior to review, because the existence of export quotas, many companies difficult to obtain export quotas, smuggling has become their means. Although many ministries have jointly controlled, but did not eradicate this phenomenon. Data show that, when in 2001, overseas Chinese rare earth export import statistics are statistics of 1.2 times, which means that the amount of rare earths smuggling has accounted for 120% of normal exports. So Insiders expect, if at all export quotas and export duties cancellation, will curb smuggling of rare earth on a certain extent.

In this regard, the Executive President of China WTO Research Institute of Foreign Trade University, Tu Xinquan think, after export quotas of rare earth is expected to significantly reduce smuggling. "After all, as long as the buyer, have a contract you can get the rare earth export license, we can engage in the export of rare earth."

Analysts more bluntly, the current Chinese export tariffs will light rare earth products to 15%, the heavy rare earth export tariffs to 25 percent in export quotas, export duties have not yet cancellation, smuggling of rare earth is still profitable. If the rare earth export tariffs have been canceled, the profit will be significantly reduced smuggling of rare earth and must bear a greater risk, then the enterprise will naturally turn to informal channels, smuggling of rare earth or will disappear.

Resource tax will be adjusted after the abolition of tariffs

It is worth noting that since the export quota has been canceled, canceled export duties soon, if China's rare earth resources incur a huge loss of it?

For the above speculation, the industry generally believe that if the export tariffs canceled, then the rare earth resources tax is bound to be adjusted. Since April 2011 China began to implement a new rare earth resources tax levied by ore, ore resource tax north of 60 yuan / ton, the South ore resource tax is 30 yuan / ton, after collection of standards for 0.5 yuan / ton - 3 yuan / ton. Market sources said rare earth resources tax levied by the way "from the amount of taxable" to "ad valorem." Northern light rare earth resources in accordance with the 22% tax rate will be levied, South ion mine will follow 35% taxable. Insiders pointed out that, according to the 22% tax rate to 35% of taxable resources tax, coincided with the rare earth export duties levied amplitude coincide "countries are likely to cancel the impact of countervailing duties by the resource tax reform." Many analysts had the case told reporters.

Industry analysts had a case, said: "From the national strategic sense, on the one hand, the state does not want to rare earth prices drop too low, on the other hand, the state always wanted to control pricing of rare earth, rare earth to keep possession in China. "

"But, by the resource tax adjustment only in one direction instead of the current export duties, as the fundamental goal of limiting exports of rare earths, it must protect the environment, conserve resources, since it is necessary to protect the control of production, rather than the control of trade, is a small mining fundamental. "stakeholders have rare Earth Society, told reporters.

However, although the rare earth resources tax instead of export duties may be the general direction, but in the rare earth mining areas is still difficult to completely control the tax. Thus, the domestic resource tax to replace tariffs will be a gradual process. In China Rare Earth Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhanheng opinion, in the short term, the price of rare earth after liberalization policy and will not be much affected, because the export price itself is determined by supply and demand.

"Theoretically speaking, in order to raise prices, the shift to a resource tax tariff which is possible, but the reality is concerned, due to the illegal exploitation of a very serious, China needs to further strengthen the development of rare earth resources and orderly management. To stabilize rare earth prices, specification management of rare earth mining, the key lies in a variety of relevant laws, including environmental laws, whether the strict implementation of the Mineral Resources. "Chen Zhanheng had said.


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RE prices stabilize prices, NdFeB short-chain is expected to recover. Recent national intensive regulation of rare earth, light rare earth prices have gradually stabilized, heavy rare earth prices rose slightly. Steadily rising prices of raw materials in favor of the middle reaches of the industrial chain profitability improvement, otherwise it will generate financial costs. Due to the strong ability to shift the cost of NdFeB enterprises, cost-plus pricing can be cut more profit from bigger cake. From a historical analysis of the share price performance during the rare-earth prices, NdFeB company stock usually follow rose.

Q3 2014 four major listed companies to pick up gradually stabilized, we judge with the rare-earth prices and recovery in downstream demand, is expected to reflect the performance of the inflection point in 2015.

With air conditioning, as the representative of the energy saving industry demand has picked up, or will become the mid-than-expected factors. NdFeB fell sharply after experiencing now relatively ferrites have a comparative advantage once again, the air conditioning industry has a price basis reuse NdFeB; In addition, as in 2013 the new inverter air conditioner energy efficiency standards, the inverter air conditioner compressor neodymium iron boron has become a necessary condition, demand basis NdFeB reproduce, 2015 inverter air conditioner compressor will greatly boost recycling NdFeB incremental demand, or will lead to super-anticipated demand.

New energy vehicles, high-speed growth, boost NdFeB industry long-term prosperity. The main application of high-performance NdFeB downstream VCM market has become saturated, the future long-term space-core power from the automotive market. Especially the new energy vehicles are immense boost demand for neodymium, in 2020 the global demand for new energy vehicles will NdFeB It is estimated more than 50,000 tons, with an average annual growth rate is expected to exceed 60%, the new energy automotive industry will generate disruptive influence. Besides the demand for high-end NdFeB material Industry 4.0 will usher in an era of explosive growth. NdFeB industry or will usher in the golden age of the long-term.

Industry, "eight" structure appears, quality companies continue to strengthen competitive advantage. Since 2014, a continuation of last year's downturn in the overall magnetics business, but the difference between enterprises started to increase, high-end products show a "rainbow night", 20% of the company at full capacity to deal with the continuous release of high demand, 80% of enterprises closed or out of business, so the magnetics industry to capacity curtain went up on the quality of listed companies will continue to strengthen competitive advantage.


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January 21, 2015, according to the British metal mesh is understood that several traders trying to smuggle rare arrested from Guangzhou to Hong Kong Customs, market participants confirmed to be true.

This event also shows the firm determination of the Chinese after the elimination of quotas to regulate the market order, crack down on smuggling of rare earth.

A trader in Hong Kong, said three traders attempting to evade customs duties on Monday, Hong Kong was arrested for smuggling rare. Currently 15-25% of the tariff is still rare.

A Singapore trader said he learned two traders were arrested. One attempt to transport 10 containers of lanthanum oxide to enter Hong Kong, and another attempt to smuggle lanthanum cerium alloy, was also arrested.

It is understood that the two traders suspected of smuggling 200 tons and 40 tons of lanthanum oxide, lanthanum cerium alloys. Market participants from China, also confirmed to be true, China began to vigorously combat illegal rare earths.

Singapore trader explains rare now entering our very strict control, cargo clearance times longer than before. This situation will continue until the Chinese New Year. In addition, as China's rare earth producers will gradually discontinued before the Spring Festival holiday, rare earth prices overseas or will be picked up.

A trader in Hong Kong, said he did not understand why these traders do not apply for an export license. He also said that now the cost of entry into Hong Kong's rare to be a lot more expensive, mainly due to the smuggled goods brought some port charges.

Nevertheless, due to export tariffs and other controls, there are still many illegal rare earth in large numbers in the market. Chinese government realized the strategic resource protection hazards and illegal rare earth, rare earth began to increase efforts to crack down on black.

Hong Kong and Vietnam are the emergence of a large number of illegal rare earth materials market. Some Vietnamese illegal exploitation of rare earth ore is transported to China for processing into illegal rare earth, and then go back from the border smuggling.

In October last year, Hong Kong Customs has appeared once a thorough investigation, that is to check smuggling and counterfeit jewelry, when operating hours are longer, the transport of rare earths also caused delays.

RE prices in Europe has not yet affected. Cerium and other light rare earth stocks Rotterdam still more, but relatively few other heavy rare earth such as terbium and dysprosium inventory. Recently China's prices are still higher, dysprosium, gadolinium and neodymium prices to rise to varying degrees.


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January 23 news, the Ministry issued a notice on the 22nd, was held to determine the focus of Rare Earth provinces (regions) and corporate work conference on January 28.

According to the notice, the content of the meeting was summarized in 2011, "a number of opinions" issued, the main work and achievements of the rare earth industry to carry out; analysis of the new situation facing the industry and the problems; further clarify "Thirteen Five" and recent work in the direction and requirements, the main task of the deployment in 2015 and priorities.

By then, the rare member inter-ministerial coordination unit, the State Council Legislative Affairs Office, China Securities Regulatory Commission, the relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) rare earth industry management department, six large enterprise groups of rare earth, rare earth enterprises focus on the person in charge and some research institutes, China Rare Earth industry associations responsible persons will participate.

In addition, based on the information the media survey, the current RE market is not short off-season, this week, the price of collective rebound, the highest increase of nearly 8%, and the overall stock market low.

The industry believes that the program has been set up six Rare Earth Group MIIT record, coupled with an unprecedented round of rare intensity hitting the Ministry of Commerce decided to abolish tariffs on exports of rare earths, rare earths national attention on the value can be seen, will make the rare earth market has already fallen to the bottom of the welcome warm round of accelerated development.


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January 21, 2015 at the Ministry of Commerce for the first time at a regular press conference, the Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said that according to changes in domestic and international market development, and approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Commerce decided to January 1 from 2015 Japan began to cancel export quotas management, and retention of export tariffs, until May 2, 2015. This means that after the formal abolition of quotas of rare earth, rare earth outside attention when it canceled the first time with a clear timetable for tariff.

In recent years, for the effective protection and rational use of rare earth resources, regulate the industry market order, changes in development, resource class industrial transformation and upgrading, the Chinese government take full advantage of the economic and market instruments, adopted a series of measures to strengthen and improve the rare earths and other products export management, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of rare earth industry.
Last December 31, the Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of Customs Announcement No. 94 of 2014, published 2015 catalog of goods export license management, including rare earths, tungsten and tungsten products, molybdenum, etc., eight kinds of goods, with export contracts to apply export licenses without providing approval documents. This marks the official end of the self-Chinese rare earth export quota system implemented since 1998.

Shen Danyang said the cancellation of rare earth quota is to co-ordinate domestic and foreign markets, a specific trade policy options and resources, and is in line with product management reform domestic rare earth resources such a measure, but also considering the relevant WTO ruling the implementation of a policy carried out adjustments.


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Recently, in Shaoxing City, Jiangnan University Institute of luminous fibers exhibited a series of rare earth products has aroused great interest in the new local textile enterprises. These products include luminous silk, embroidery and other luminous 9 different colors of rare earth luminescent fiber material, light pull flannel, luminous fabric fuzz 11 different colors, such as rare earth luminescent luminous fiber textile fabrics, and luminous plush toys, LED Cross embroidered dozens of luminous fiber light products.

The use of rare earth luminescent fiber products made in the absorption of visible light for 10 minutes, will be able to build the energy stored in the fibers being in the dark state can continue to light more than 10 hours, not only colorful, but also environmentally friendly and efficient, and can be widely used in apparel, home textile and other industrial textiles and other fields. For example, it was luminous velvet Expo licensed products for "Haibao" production.

RE RE luminous luminous fiber is a national fiber-founder, "863" in the field of new materials technology expert database developed by Professor Ge Ming bridge products. Professor Ge has worked in Japan, the basic theory and application of more than six years of new fibers, after returning in May 2000 began to develop rare earth luminescent fiber, have higher achievements in theoretical studies of rare earth luminescent fiber, he invented and manufactured luminous fiber detection by the China Institute of Metrology, no radiation, in line with the requirements of the use of fiber for clothing, has applications for invention patents.


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Chinese Ministry of Commerce recently issued the "2015 list of goods export license management," clearly the export of rare earth export license management execution, only to get export business export license contract, without providing approval. This means that the implementation of the 16 years of the rare earth quota officially canceled.

The most immediate cause of this change, or China lost in the WTO (WTO) in the lawsuit.

China is the largest producer of rare earth, accounting for 90 percent of global supply. Although rare earths is an important component of the defense industry and the department of modern technology, for the military, computers, mobile phones, wind power equipment, batteries and other technology products are necessary, even though China has a natural "monopoly" advantage, but unfortunately, the advantages of the product to sell to the price of cabbage, and disorderly exploitation of serious damage to the environment.

To reduce resource depletion, since 1998, the implementation of a rare earth export quota license system, the rare earth materials included in the processing trade ban catalog, and in 2010 a large-scale reduction of rare earth exports. International RE prices soared along.

It also led to an international uproar of "rare earth war." Expression of the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries strong dissatisfaction that China's rare earth export control, the Chinese enterprises have a clear competitive advantage in hybrid car batteries, wind power settings and energy-efficient lighting equipment and other products.

Dispute eventually evolve into a lawsuit, the US, Europe and Japan jointly to the WTO against China rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum related products export management measures violate WTO rules. After several rounds of the fight, in August 2014, WTO final ruling, rare earth export management measures implemented in China does not comply with the relevant WTO rules and China's WTO commitments, China dismissed the appeal.

As a result, China must change related rare earth export management. Commerce Department said in a statement at the time, said: "China will carefully evaluate the WTO ruling, to comply with WTO rules and ways to strengthen the management of resources, products, and promote resource conservation, maintain fair competition, to achieve sustainable development."

Cancel started from 1998 rare earth export quota system, also in the market expected. Next, China will cancel the 25% -30% export tariff, this change is expected to be implemented in 2015 later.

From this case can be seen, although China since that system of quotas and restrictions on sale intended to protect the environment, but actually this rough management style, in violation of WTO rules, and therefore difficult to prevail on international litigation. This is the Western countries to initiate proceedings against China on many occasions and winning the main trade rules.

Of course, the "rare earth war" is not completely finished, but also China's move to retreat intentions. After all, the quota system in the early years of the larger impact on exports in recent years has been in name only, because many simply do not run out of quota. Data show that the rare earth export quota for the last three years are slightly higher than 30,000 tons, but in 2012 the actual exports less than 20,000 tons, in 2013 and 2014 can not exceed 300 million tons.

But, if the mere removal of rare earths export controls, a corollary to bring the rare earth export market turmoil, including Chinese exporters increased, lower prices may again rise behavior, the final result is the environment suffer, undervalued resource, foreign manufacturers benefit.

Therefore, while complying with WTO rulings revoke the relevant export controls, China must improve the rare earth and other resource management system products.

First, you must comply with the rules of the market and international trade rules, do not have to make hard and fast rules on exports to avoid giving others a handle and trigger a new lawsuit is likely to lose. Frankly, at the time of the management system has not been serious sober legal assessment, of course, for China to win a certain amount of time, but the overall effect is poor.

Secondly, to strengthen domestic regulation. RE market has been chaotic, disorderly exploitation of many manufacturers, serious damage to the environment, smuggling is repeated. According to incomplete statistics, in 2011 overseas Chinese customs statistics are rare import export statistics 1.2 times, that is 120% of the normal amount of smuggled exports, the government can increase the threshold for mining companies, mining of rare earth resources integration, including the promotion of rare earths corporate mergers and acquisitions, while cracking down on smuggling and violations of the environment.

Once again, change the export tax as a resource tax. Export taxes for immediate action to restrict exports, but can easily be criticized. The elimination of export taxes, the result is lower export prices, but it is to create the conditions to improve resource tax, the state still seize the initiative on the export of rare earth, rare earth due to the price of cabbage that does not make a great resource cheaper foreign manufacturers.

Of course, the domestic manufacturers in terms of the use of rare earth, rare earth and outside the price approximately equal to improve their use of rare earth costs, thereby reducing the competitive advantage. But the market is equal to follow the competition, Chinese manufacturers can not always rely on the bottle, can be innovation by tapping the potential to create new competitive advantages.


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Foreign media said the Chinese government announced the cancellation of rare earth export quotas. Since the beginning of 2010 the export control issues finally come to an end road. Chinese rare earth export restrictions during the Japanese companies to promote the development of alternative technologies to reduce the amount of rare earth, and therefore the elimination of export quotas of Chinese influence is limited.

Commerce Department recently released "2015 list of goods export license management", on which the rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum and other goods elimination of export quota license management, which means that government restrictions on exports of rare earths has been liberalized. The introduction of the news, exports to China rare earth industry is a blessing or a curse, so many people elusive.

"The Middle East has oil, China has rare earths." Unfortunately, yield and price of the entire Middle East oil, led by Saudi Arabia's oil-exporting countries (OPEC) control, said price increases on prices, said the price is the price, the price of oil from lower in the second half of last year, more than $ 100 to less than $ 50 in early 2015 is proof. Moreover, China's rare earth it? Like oil as an important strategic resource countries, China's position and did not speak, but control of the price falls in the hands of Japan and the US and other countries, China has accounted for 90 percent of global rare earth supply, almost to the "cabbage price" supply these users, but they also seem to pick and choose, that the East West Road, which makes us indignant people. Beginning in 2010, the state began to tighten export of rare earth, rare earth export quota management implementation, so that the last year export scale 4-80000 tons reduction of about 30,000 tons. Control of the supply of rare earths, was the United States, European Union, Japan reported to the WTO, China lost the arbitration result lost the lawsuit.

Today, whether it is because the WTO lost, or that the recent sales slump rare earths, China consciously open market, no matter what the reason, but the result is liberalized. But after the release supply, China's rare earth exports are soaring or showed little reaction, the price is to enhance or still in the doldrums, indeed debatable.

In the past because of ignorance and self-interest, of some companies and individuals to these precious destructive mining of rare earth resources, China's export of high-quality low-end rare earth products, leaving descendants are harming the environment. In the rare earth mines, many damaged beyond recognition mountain, almost impossible to recover and become a torn Earth scars. It was also calculated that an account, a lot of places if you want to restore the environment to pre-mining environmental levels of rare earth, rare earth put money in selling flowers in, it simply is not enough.

According to statistics, every 1 ton south separating ion adsorption type rare earth ore, need to consume 8 to 10 tons of hydrochloric acid, 6 to 8 tons of liquid caustic soda or 1 to 1.2 tons of liquid ammonia and so on. Not only ion adsorption type rare earth ore, refining separation Bastnaesite etc., but also use a lot of sulfuric acid or caustic. A lot of acid and alkali-containing fluorinated ammonia nitrogen waste, waste gas or waste water, most will not conduct arising after the effective extraction of rare earth recycling, the influx of the natural environment. In a sense, the pollution caused by rare earth production, poisonous after nuclear leak. This is not alarmist, the real facts around us. This was exactly what the main cause of the country to tighten exports of rare earths.

Now let go of rare earth export countries, with a view of China release does not mean China will relax control of rare earth supply, I also agree with this view. Earth as an important strategic resource, especially with the military and high-tech related, must look tight job. Although the current market downturn is very rare, but "industrial MSG" role can not be replaced. In recent years, in order to oppose China's export quota restrictions, the United States and Japan and other countries to find a substitute for preaching or find a new large rare earth mine in other places, with psychological warfare shake our determination and confidence, but its greedy ambitions was people look very thoroughly.

Country liberalized exports of rare earths, the surface is a victory for the WTO rules, but also to China to learn and grasp the opportunity to make use of WTO rules to safeguard their rights. I remember in order to find the resources of many companies to go abroad, the country is also the world's resources of Australia, Canada and other countries to invest in mining, but in the future, "the mining hot" boom receded, Chinese overseas mining investment eighty percent failure, painful lesson.

At present serious environmental damage and environmental pollution, so that our government has realized this problem of serious harm, so we learned to "learning technology to the barbarians," we let go of the export of rare earth resources, but mine certainly set strict environmental conditions, environment-friendly enterprise standards and tax adjustment lever China's rare earth production. This not only makes our control scale production of rare earth, but also to control the pricing of products and the right to speak, which is the development of China's rare earth strategy is undoubtedly an invaluable "gospel."

It is reported that during the WTO proceedings on our government really has not been idle, moves quickly, the good news again and again. Consider the long-term development of the industry, the Ministry of Industry at the end of the completion of the rare earth group formed six countries, and continue to promote the industry consolidation, consisting of strong foreign fist. Arguably, if China's rare earth industry consolidation on the basis of this, so as soon as industrial upgrading, to shift from exports of high-tech products export of primary products to enhance the added value of China's rare earth products, it really is worthy of our happy and proud thing.

But to hear the "good news" wonderful, but also to see the "Misfortune" soon. Since release of these rare private mining profits are concerned means "good news", they undermine and disrupt the market on the environment, to the normal development of the rare earth industry to bring the scourge, for everything from environmental considerations eradicate private dug Luancai and smuggling of rare earth "black chain", is one thing you must do.

Otherwise, their "open eyes closed eyes" of leniency, the country would be a "catastrophe."


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The early 1990s, the global rare earth market is monopolized by the United States, Russia and other countries. After 1990, with the liberalization of exports of rare earths, rare earths of a large number of companies began to engage in export trade, export competition makes the price of rare earth uncompetitive European countries, these countries Forced to adapt gradually worked their way to the development of rare earth resources, roughly can be divided into four directions.

First, the development of rare earth up to the national strategic level, multi-channel supply of rare earth. For security reasons the supply of resources, as the main consumer of rare earths in developed countries usually preferential procurement China, India and other suppliers of rare earth products.

Secondly, increased research efforts to enhance the application of rare earth technology, the high end chain. RE applications include "ore - concentrate - Separation Products - Functional Materials - Devices - Practical commodity" chain, closer to the back end, damage to the environment, the higher the efficiency. Including the United States, Australia, developed the main high-end industrial chain of rare earth, while China is located in the primary stage of the rare earth industry chain.

Third, the importance of the study of rare earth industry. Foreign long time on the rare application of basic research, there is a great advantage in practical applications in production. In some States, the European rare earth industrial base better business, usually have their own application of rare earth research, more targeted, making the research and application work closely together.

Fourth, the implementation of the development of rare earth alternative plans to further realize the sustainable use and development of rare earth recovery by improving technology, thus saving the rare earth resources and reduce dependence on rare earths.


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