As the haze and other air pollutions getting more serious in cities and towns of China, most of the air pollutants were from the exhaust mission of the increasing number of vehicles. Thus, electric vehicles have been considered as a solution to control the air pollutant in rural as they don’t emit like traditional fossil-fuel vehicles.  Energy-storage devices such as rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs), Na-ion batteries and supercapacitors are the core of electric vehicles.

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution from water splitting for hydrogen production as a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy has drawn great attention in recent years. Currently Pt-based materials is the most efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but the inexpensive cost has limited their widespread applications. Finding an efficient and inexpensive substitute HER catalysts is in need.

Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) has been considered as an alternative strategy due to efficient wastewater treatment and simultaneous energy recovery. However, conventional PFC system is enslaved to the unsatisfactory performance due to the limited surface area of electrodes where the main radical reactions principally occur. To resolve this issue, the radical chain-reaction is introduced into the PFC system with the addition of Fe2+/Fe3+ recycling catalysts.

Pesticides are crucial part of the farming industry as they can be used to control the insects and weeds for better crop yields. Therefore, the use of pesticides is essential in agricultural and veterinary practices to protect the crops worldwide. However, extensive usage of pesticides would cause toxicity of soils and environmental pollution.

As people pay more attention to indoor air pollution, feasible gas sensor that operates at room temperature has caught huge interest. Conventional materials applied in home gas sensing include polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh), polyaniline (Pani).

Transition metal photodetectors operating from visible to ultraviolet (UV) have gained a lot scientific interest owing to its great potential to apply in industry. Tungsten is a transition metals, some tungsten oxides such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have excellent photo response properties to be used in photo detection.

Tungsten–copper (W–Cu) composites are extensively used in aerospace, military equipment, electronics, and chemical engineering because of their merits, like high electrical/thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and outstanding strength/thermal properties of W.

Direct solar water splitting driven by inexpensive semiconducting materials is an attractive method to produce hydrogen as a zero-greenhouse gas emission fuel. During the past three decades, however, it has been shown that the main challenge consists in identifying materials that are stable under illumination in aqueous solutions, efficiently absorb sunlight, and induce efficient water splitting. Due to their inherent stability against oxidation and low cost, semiconducting oxides are promising materials to be employed in this process. Unfortunately, relatively fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, either in the bulk or at the surface, and slow charge transfer kinetics from the semiconductor to the electrolyte solution restrict their performance.

Monoclinic ammonium paratungstate, (APT, NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O ) which will be referred to as APT, is widely used as the industrial feedstock for the production of tungsten carbide, WC for the powder metallurgical production of tungsten filaments, for various tungsten heavy alloys and also as starting material for producing ammonium metatungstate (AMT), which is utilized in the catalyst industry.

Due to widely use of fossil fuels, the environmental issues and climate change has been critical global topic. hydrogen fuel cells are clean energy considered to be possible substitutes of fossil fuel. It is even used as powerful rocket fuel for NASA’s space shuttles.