Sintered tungsten alloy rod can not be worked mechanically while cold. It is so hard that it cannot be machined by sharp edge tools, but has to be brought into desire shapes by high temperature hammering or cold grinding. The rough anode head for the Universal tube is formed from a sintered tungsten alloy rod in a swaging machine which is a nicely controlled high speed hammer used in this case to reduce, by successive operations the diameter of the a sintered tungsten alloy rod.

Sintered tungsten alloy rod is heated to about 1600°C in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas in an electric furnace, and is then rapidly passed through, the swaging machine. In this operation the diameter of sintered tungsten alloy rod is reduced 10 percent. The rod is then re-heated in the furnace and is ready for the next pair of swaging dies, which will again reduce its diameter by 10 per cent. When the rod is at the required diameter for the head of the anode, the end of the rod only is swaged down to form the taper and straight portion to which the molybdenum stem is attached. After rough grinding to approximate size and shape, the anode head and molybdenum stem are swaged together. The assembly is completed by the addition of an iron collar and a thin metal tube and the finished anode is then polished and very carefully cleaned.


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Ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation which can make atom or atomic group produce ionization. Electromagnetic radiation which can cause ionization contains X-ray and γ-ray. Ionizing radiation contains α-ray, β-ray, neutron, proton and other charged particle. In nuclear medical, primary source of radioactivity is various kind of radioactive medicine, unsealed source also called as open source. Its characteristic is spreading easily and polluting working space and environment. Working space of operating unsealed source has externalir radiation exposure caused by X-ray, γ-ray andβ-ray. It also has internal radiation exposure caused by radionuclide which is produced by radioactive pollution entering into organism.

In recent years, PET/CT centers have been established in some large medical therapy units gradually, in China. Source of radioactivity is more complicated. It comes from the externalir radiation exposure and internal exposure radiation caused by radionuclide of positron which utilized by tungsten alloy PET and marked medicine. It also comes from externalir radiation exposure produced by tungsten alloy CT. It even comes from externalir radiation exposure and induced radioactivity caused by small cyclotron when producing radioactive element and internal radiation exposure caused by pollution of radionuclide. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can be used for protecting doctors and patients from ionizing radiation.


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Accelerator is short for tungsten alloy particle accelerator. There are various kinds of tungsten alloy particle accelerator. According to the different energy of particles being accelerated, tungsten alloy particle accelerator can be classified into high energy particle accelerator (GeV grade), moderate energy particle accelerator (above 2000MeV) and low energy particle accelerator (below 50MeV). Based on the different accelerating orbit of particles being accelerated, tungsten alloy particle accelerator can be classified into liner accelerator and cyclotron.

Electronic liner accelerator and electronic induction accelerator used for radiotherapeutics belong to low energy tungsten alloy particle accelerator. Electronic liner accelerator belongs to liner accelerator. Electronic induction accelerator is attributed to cyclotron. Electron energy output by electronic liner accelerator is usually 5~40MeV and electron energy output by electronic induction accelerator is usually 4~45MeV. The two accelerators can transfer electron into X-ray through target.

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Swaged tungsten rods are frequently swaged. After the centerless grinder proces, the surface intergrity and accuracy of the diameter are improved. They can be produced in a variety of near-final shapes, but the most frequently encountered shape is cylindrical rods.

After being swaged, tungsten rods will greatly enhance their tensile strength from 1050 MPa to 1200 MPa at least. Tungsten swaging rods are produced by Forging and sintering tungsten rods into billets and swaging into rods.

Features:
1.Swaged tungsten rod's tensile strength is better than the same kind of tungsten alloy rod;
2.The diameters of tungsten alloy rod through swaging can reach 3mm or larger;
3.The single weight of the common rod can reach 100 kilograms.

Advantages of Swaged Tungsten Rods:
Titanium is also a popular used material for producing swaging rod. It possesses high strength, toughness, durability, corrosion resistance and biological compatibility physical qualities. However, Titanium's density is much lower than tungsten, which makes it difficult in the situation of needing high mass with limited volume. Relatively speaking, swaged tungsten rod is with high density, high melting point, excellent hardness, high tensile strength, high temperature resistance, superior wearing resistance and low vapor pressure. Therefore, swaged tungsten rod gradually stands out among the various swaging rod making materials.

Parameter of Swaged Tungsten Rods:
Diameter (mm)    Length (mm)
Ø3.0 - 6.0           ＞6000
Ø6.0 - 10.0         ＞5500
Ø10.0 - 15.0       ＞4000


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