In part 13 we know that the two major materials for reamers are high-speed steel and tungsten carbide, and tungsten carbide reamers are less affected by heat in machining process, but with so brittle and blunt cutting edges that they are not for light machinery. And here we list the different applications of the reamers made of the two categories of materials.

 (To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 14, for part 13 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79733-ti-10198)

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Infiltration is kind of process that uses the metal or alloy which has lower melting point than the product to fill in the pores of products in molten state. For tungsten copper electrode, copper solution has lower melting point and it fill in the porous tungsten skeleton, which has excellent density and strength so that tungsten copper material has better properties, such as thermal conductivity, electric conductivity and high hardness.

The process is: Tungsten powder (W) + shaping agent (or adds Cu-induced powder) → tungsten skeleton (suppressing + degreasing + sintering) → copper infiltration (Cu) → after treatment. And the most research focus on:

1. Powder granularity

2. Tungsten skeleton

3. Infiltration process

4. After treatment.

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In part 12 we know that the life of a tungsten carbide reamer can be up to 30,000 holes keeping size quality consistent if used properly and reamers are usually used with a drill press, lathes, machining centers or the similar. And here we explain two categories of materials used to build reamers.

Two materials for reamers

Like other cutting tools, there are two categories of materials used to build reamers: heat treated and hard. Heat treated materials are composed by different steels, most notably plain carbon (unalloyed, considered obsolete today) and high-speed steels. The most common hard material is tungsten carbide (solid or tipped), but reamers with edges of cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond also exist.

The main difference between both categories is that hard materials are usually unaffected by the heat produced by the machining process and may actually benefit from it. The down side is that they are usually very brittle, requiring slightly blunt cutting edges to avoid fracture. This increases the forces involved in machining and for this reason hard materials are usually not recommended for light machinery. Heat treated materials, on the other side, are usually much tougher and have no problem holding a sharp edge without chipping under less favorable conditions (like under vibration). This makes them adequate for hand tools and light machines.

 (To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 13, for part 12 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79704-ti-10192; for part 14 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79734-ti-10199)

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In order to reach the theoretical density, researchers add some trace activated elements to improve liquid sintering. Compared with high-temperature sintering, liquid activated sintering decreases the sintering temperature, reduces the sintering time and improves the properties of tungsten copper electrode.

The research proved that Co and Fe is beneficial for improving the density of tungsten copper electrode, Ni and Pd neither. As a result of Co and Fe comes onto being W₆Co₇ or other metal compounds, it can promote rearrangement and spreading effect in the process of tungsten copper electrode activated sintering. However, Ni and Pd easily becomes unlimited solid solution with Cu, which is useless to sintering. The more specific data shows that when the content of Co is 0.35% and the temperature is 1300℃, tungsten copper products have better properties. The relative density of W-10Cu-0.35Co reaches 98-99% and the hardness is 300HV.

More infomation about tungsten copper electrodeliquid activated sintering, click here:

http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79706-ti-10164

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