With the rapid advancement of science and technology, sensors, as the core components for information acquisition, have their performance directly determining the technological progress and application outcomes in numerous fields. Be it smart wearable devices, environmental monitoring systems, medical diagnostic instruments, or industrial automation production lines, sensors play an indispensable role. As the requirements for sensor performance continue to rise, researchers are dedicated to exploring novel sensitive materials. Tungsten disulfide nanosheet (WS₂ nanosheet) has demonstrated remarkable application potential in the sensor field owing to its unique physical and chemical properties, and has thus become one of the research hotspots.

Brown tungsten oxide, typically referring to tungsten dioxide (WO₂), is an inorganic compound composed of tungsten and oxygen elements. It is an important transition metal oxide with unique physical and chemical properties. Here are some key characteristics of brown tungsten oxide:

Blue Tungsten Oxide (BTO, commonly referring to WO3-x) is a non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide with the following characteristics:

I. Color and Appearance

It appears as blue or dark blue powdered crystals, with the shade of blue correlated with the concentration of oxygen vacancies.

Yellow tungsten oxide (chemical formula: WO₃) is an important transition metal oxide with unique physical and chemical properties, and is widely used in various fields such as energy, environmental protection, and electronics. Here is a brief introduction to its main characteristics: