In recent years, nanometered-scale tungsten and its compounds have attracted much focus because of their superior physical and mechanical properties. A wide variety of methods such as mechanical alloying, combustion synthesis, physical vapor deposition (WD), electric wire explosion etc. have been used to synthesize nanostructured tungsten. Among these techniques, mechanical alloying and mechanochemical synthesis (CS) are very attractive. Simple and inexpensive equipments are required, and it can be conducted at ambient temperature. Indeed MCS uses mechanical energy to active chemical reactions.

The increasing use of fossil fuels is the major cause of global warming and climate change. Looking for a sustainable, clean, and highly efficient energy has become research hot spot.

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has attract a great attention due to its unknown physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties. For instance, graphene nanosheets mechanically exfoliated from graphite show very high carrier mobility, excellent thermal conductivity and optical properties, which inspires lots of other 2D materials such as graphene oxide (GO) , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal carbides and carbonitrides (MXenes), as well as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 161 are well studied.

Metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) materials is an intimate mixture of two or more compounds of which at least two are exothermically reactive. However, conventional thermites have a significantly lower reactive power. In contrast, MIC materials, while retaining the high energy density, can have a significantly higher reactive power than conventional thermites.