The art of welding requires some key insights into the nature of energy and chemistry. For example, if you are trying to weld together two metals, you need to know at what temperature the metals may melt and merge together at. A common example of such a situation is welding together tungsten and silver to form an alloy.

Nature of Tungsten
Tungsten is a highly reactive element. It is used to help in the welding process by heating an electrode made of tungsten. The electrode is heated to temperatures up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit. It is noted that at such high temperatures tungsten tends to be slightly radioactive. It is recommended that the welder wears a respirator so he does not breath in radioactive gases.

Welding Process
Clean off and sand the tip of the tungsten electrode. This removes all moisture from the element and will help it rise to immense temperatures. The welding process that tungsten is used for is categorically called brazing. This is because the tungsten melts off and merges with the new element, in this case silver.

More alloys
Having a pure silver and tungsten alloy is possible, but welders might find it hard to process this alloy without more elements in the batch. It is suggested that elements such as manganese, cadmium or tin are added. Even though there is an elemental benefit to having more products in your alloy, each element has its drawbacks. Tin could create a relatively weaker alloy compared to cadmium, but cadmium is a hazardous element. Manganese is generally thought to be the best element to utilize in the brazing process, but it can often create a "gummy" metal before it hardens and cools.

Design and Support
If the alloy is being created for a design, such as a part for a device or an art project, it is recommended you support the metal through the welding process. The extreme heat may make it difficult for the metals to retain the desired design and shape you want. Therefore, welders should, in some way, have the silver anchored down or supported on the welding table. A work clamp connected to the table can act as a support for the metal. The clamp holds down the metal as you weld.
 

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Tungsten bulbs, particularly tungsten halogen bulbs, are among the most popular bulbs for use in indoor photo shoots. Tungsten bulbs are ready available, fairly inexpensive, predictable and create a warm tone. Tungsten bulbs, while most commonly used in black and white film photography, can be used by virtually any photographer regardless of experience.

Instructions

1
Keep your tungsten lights mounted on safe and stable stands, as tungsten lights burn hotter than other types of bulbs. If a bulb falls or is brushed by a person or object, it can quickly start a fire. If you are rearranging your light setting, moving light stands or working with the bulbs, turn them off and unplug the power source to prevent accidents.

2
Choose the right film for the job. Tungsten lights are most commonly used with black and white film photography, as the light warms the image. However, it color photography, tungsten lighting can add a slightly red hue. Therefore, if using tungsten lighting in color photography, be sure to choose tungsten films designed for this type of lighting.

3
Dim your tungsten lights while setting up the photograph and focusing you camera, turning the lights to full strength only to take the shot. Tungsten light burn very hot and will quickly disturb you, your assistants and your live subject. The bulbs will also burn out quickly if left on full strength. Never use tungsten lighting when shooting plants, animals or insects and the heat is too much.

4
Create dramatic lights and darks in your photos with a simple tungsten light set up of your choice. While other forms of lighting can easily fill a room with light, tungsten tends to focus light only where directed, which can be used to the photographer's advantage in a controlled setting. If you would like to flood-fill the room with light, it is best to use additional light sources, such as natural daylight or other types of bulbs.

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Tungsten-copper is used to make composite materials for heat sinks in computers and other electronic devices. The materials can be mounted to computer chips or ceramic bases.

Properties
Tungsten-copper materials conduct heat efficiently without the excessive expansion that would present problems when mounted to other materials. Copper by itself has high thermal expansion properties, making it unsuitable for such applications unless combined with a material such as tungsten.

Powder Form
Tungsten and copper do not form an alloy because their melting temperatures are very different. The composite material is instead made by mixing metal powders. They are then heated and injected into a mold for heat-sink manufacture.

Heat Sinks
Heat sinks are used to conduct heat away from computer chips and integrated circuits, preventing thermal damage. Depending on the electronic device, heat sinks come in different sizes and shapes. Tungsten-copper composites, with copper content (by weight) of 15 to 20 percent, are often used to make heat sinks.

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Steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, comes in many varieties. Mixed with other metals, it takes on different properties. Tungsten was one of the first metals used to improve steel. It adds strength to steel over a wide temperature range.

Alloys' Value
Metals that have been mixed to obtain materials with new properties are called alloys. Mixing steel with small amounts of other metals, such as vanadium, cobalt and tungsten, contributes strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.

Tungsten Properties
Tungsten, like iron, is a basic chemical element. It stands up to heat better than any other metal, having the highest melting point, 6192 degrees F (3695 C), and the highest tensile strength at temperatures over 3000 F (1650 C). It also expands less than any other pure metal from heat and has high resistance to corrosion.

Applications
Cutting tools, such as drill bits, produce great heat from friction. Tungsten, added to steel in amounts varying from 2 to 18 percent (along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium), maintains the metal's strength at high temperatures. Called high-speed steel, it goes into making drill bits, milling bits, saw blades and other tools.

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