Tungsten bronze coatings and films have attracted global attention due to their application in near infrared (NIR) shielding windows. However, they are unstable in strong ultraviolet, damp heat, alkaline and/or oxidizing environment, and it is difficult to coat glass surfaces with complex shapes.

In recent years, tungsten-molybdenum (W-Mo) alloys have attracted great interest as high-temperature materials for various applications. W-Mo alloy has excellent performance in preventing corrosion of molten zinc, and can be used at higher temperatures than molybdenum or molybdenum alloys. It is used for zinc liquid temperature measuring tube, zinc liquid pump rotor, and some corrosion-resistant parts of zinc smelting furnace. Because of its high melting point, ablation resistance, and flame retardancy to solid particles. tungsten-molybdenum alloy can also be used for the air rudder and protective cover of solid rocket motors. In addition, it is also used in the production of stirring tools in the glass industry, the manufacture of thin film transistors, the sputtering target for flat screen coating and the treatment of molten metal.

Electrochromic devices such as smart windows have received extensive attention from researchers in related fields in the materials industry. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an n-type semiconductor and a promising material due to its high transparency, good coloration efficiency, and low response times. The electrochromic performance of WO3 depends strongly on its particle size, morphology, and structure. However, low electrical conductivity of WO3 can give rise to poor electrochromic performance of the device. 

Due to global industrial growth and increased emissions of particular gases (such as NO2, H2S or VOC), indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring has become a major issue today. These gases in sufficiently high concentrations bring a negative effect to the environment and human healthy.