During high-temperature, high-energy arc welding, the electrode tip is subjected to multiple stresses, including intense thermal shock, electrochemical reactions, and metal evaporation. These stresses can cause tip burnout and shape degradation, ultimately impacting weld quality and production efficiency. 

In the welding process, the electrode not only bears the functions of arc guidance and electron emission, but also is the key medium for heat transfer. Good thermal conductivity is crucial for electrode life, welding stability and tip temperature control. 

In high-precision welding processes such as tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma welding, the cleanliness and anti-contamination ability of the electrode has a direct impact on the arc quality, weld consistency and equipment stability. 

In TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding), plasma arc welding and some electronic discharge machining (EDM), the conductivity of the electrode is directly related to arc stability, energy transfer efficiency and welding quality.