Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) materials have been widely applied for gas sensing and environmental protection, because of their wide availability and high sensitivity to low ppm concentration of gases.

Hydrogen fuel could play a key role in future sustainable energy systems as demand for energy is globally increasing. Moreover, an environment friendly energy resources are in urgent need to replace the current fossil fuel energy systems. Among the available energy sources, hydrogen possesses significantly high energy density compared to conventional fossil fuels and hence emerges as one of the ideal replacements to fossil fuels.

Tungsten carbide (WC) has several excellent properties, including high melting point (2600–2850 °C), great hardness, high fracture toughness, high electrical and thermal conductivities, which make it become a promising material in various fields. Considering these excellent properties, WC has been widely used as cemented tungsten carbide materials in the tool industry to produce cutting, mining tools, drilling tools and general wear parts.

Tungsten (W) alloy are widely applied in many engineering applications including radiation shields, counterweight balance, electrical contacts, damping devices, and kinetic energy penetrators. The wide applications benefit from its high melting point, good thermal stability, high strength, and high radiation absorption capacity. However, tungsten alloy suffers from low temperature brittleness and unexpected growth characteristics in recrystallization.