Nano-Composite W-2% ThO2 Electrode Material Preparation Process of Swaging

Prepared by swaging nanocomposite W-2% ThO2 electrode material of this test tungsten alloy plant in Taebaek, the specific process is as follows:

(1) Mixing: The After dispersing, mixing a good first composite powder sieved through a 100 mesh sieve manually three times and allowed to stand 30min. In sifted before adding binder, adhesive formulations as follows: ethanol + glycerol (volume ratio of 1: (1.5-2)). The proportion of binder added: Every 1000g sifted powder was added 3mL binder.

(2) Compression: W powder particle size of 0.6μm, very fine-grained, leading to increased friction, resulting in the actual sample pressure is still small. After the suppression of the larger specimens resilience, resulting in greater stress. Also causing uneven density inside the sample, the surface density, the center is less dense, prone to early stratification and micro-cracks, sintering is easy to burst. If the binder added more, since the surface density, gas difficult to discharge, it could easily lead to burst. If the mixed powder is uneven, the compacts are likely to cause an early break. Considering these factors, the pressing process point is: bonding agent added in moderation; powder mixed carefully controlled process to ensure uniform mixing powder; increase the pressure; increased dwell time. Specific process parameters: each billet quality powder 580g (normal 640g), pressure 70T (50T normal production pressure), a pressure of about 60MPa, dwell time 5min.

(3) Pre-Sintering: In the protection of hydrogen, at a temperature of 1150-1200 ℃ sintering 1h, aims to improve the density and strength of the green body in order to facilitate the subsequent sintering electrically heated melt down. Pre-sintered body size is about 400mm x 12mm X 12mm.

(4) Vertical melt sintering: current heating current is 90% of the fusing current, the temperature does not exceed 3000 ℃, time of l0min.

(5) The Swaging: the vertical melt sintered billet at a temperature of 1350-1450 ℃ swaging.

(6) Drawing: caustic deburring and oil after drawing wire.

(7) Straightening Polished.


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W-Ni-Cu-Based High-Density Alloy Compacts Prepared by Preparing the Mixture

Milling Mixing Method

Generally the production of high-density tungsten alloy, mixture preparation materials are used mostly dry powder mixing method, namely mechanical mixing. This method is characterized by simple preparation process. Form a V-shaped or cone blenders. Since W, Ni, Cu metal powders of different densities, in order to achieve uniformity of mixture will generally be Ni, Cu, W powder, mixed 8-12h.

Secondary Pyrolysis Reduction Method

To obtain W-Ni-Cu highly uniform mixing of the components, and to mix with a high sintering activity, it developed a named "secondary pyrolysis Reduction" of new technology. The resulting coating has a certain performance W - Ni-Cu sintered mixture of different ingredients than normal milling mixture reduces 100-130 ℃, and the resulting aggregate is more excellent.

Secondary pyrolysis method is to first reduction of nickel nitrate dissolved in distilled water, then W powder and uniformly mixed solution of nickel nitrate, roasted solution and reduction, and the obtained composite powder of nickel tungsten package. Then the composite powder was mixed with copper chloride, drying, reducing, and finally obtain W, Ni, Cu composite powder.

Mechanical Alloying

Mechanical alloying process is the 1970s after the development of a special alloy materials Preparation mature technology. Mechanical alloying metallic raw material powder in proportion to the drum into a ball mill, adding the ball, in order to prevent dirty, the product of the same composition can also be a W alloy ball. Mechanical alloying time to reach the mixed powders reached after 60h alloying and composition distribution, then press forming and sintering processes. The sintering temperature can be considerably lower.

In addition, since the 1990s, foreign research developed yet another new job - RSU reactive spray deposition method, using this method time is short, quick, the production of tungsten alloy powder and mechanically mixed powder compared to greatly improve reactive sintering the alloy microstructure uniformity and mechanical properties of the alloy.



high-density alloy

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Safety Issues with Tungsten Wedding Rings

Emergency Situations
The tungsten carbide ring cannot be removed in an emergency situation with traditional ring cutters. It can be removed by emergency personnel by using a tool more similar to a vice grip. In emergency situations when the ring must be removed for the purposes of treatment or stopping further injury from occurring, it must be cracked off the wearer’s finger. This would destroy the ring by breaking the ring into pieces and may cause injury to the wearer. The tungsten carbide ring registers between 8 and 9 on the Mohs hardness scale. Because of these factors, it also cannot be resized in a traditional manner.
 
Skin Reactions
Tungsten carbide rings can cause an allergic reaction on the skin. These rings are made by combining the tungsten with another metal. Most often, the other metal is a nickel or cobalt blend. This hardens the ring and prevents many of the scratches that are common on softer metals. This is important because the cobalt blend can cause allergic reactions when worn for long periods of time. The skin cells and sweat can cause oxidation, and skin and ring discoloration. If you have sensitive skin, you’ll want to make sure that you check the metal blend. Cobalt is a little less expensive, but nickel is entirely hypoallergenic and does not suffer from oxidation.
 
Injury from Accidents
Tungsten carbide rings can be caught in industrial settings. It is rarely advisable to wear jewelry in warehouse, automotive, construction or manufacturing industries; however, tungsten carbide rings are particularly dangerous. Many pieces of jewelry will bend or break when pressure is put on them from machines or other areas. If the pulling occurs or the ring becomes caught, the ring will not break and may cause further injury to the person involved.
 
 
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Can a Tungsten Ring Be Resized?

Re-sizing
Tungsten rings cannot be re-sized because of tungsten's physical properties. According to many jewelry sites, tungsten rings are 10 times harder than 18K gold and four times harder than titanium. Tungsten also has a very high melting temperature of 6170.0 degrees Fahrenheit.
 
Sizing Options
When it comes to tungsten rings, sizing options are limited. However, many jewelry stores offer re-sizing warranties that will cover the ring if one should need it to be sized. In the case of a tungsten ring, the purchaser must ship or return the ring to the store it was purchased and a new ring will be sent to him or her.
 
Benefits
Tungsten is a very hard metal. It will not bend like gold rings do. It is also difficult to scratch due to its physical properties. Due to the fact it is almost impossible to scratch, it holds its polish as well.
 
Considerations
Tungsten rings are more brittle than other metals because they are so hard. While the ring will not bend, this could cause the ring to shatter if it were struck.
 
Tungsten rings are often sold as an alloy with cobalt. Cobalt has properties that, when in contact with oils in skin, could permanently tarnish the ring.
 
Purchasing
When purchasing a tungsten ring, it is important to remember to buy a ring that is cobalt free as well as one that comes with a warranty (or a separate purchasable warranty) that covers resizing.
 
 
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How Does a Cordless Drill Work?

Introduction
Cordless drills are versatile, durable tools that can be found on construction sites, in garages and shops everywhere. One of the things that makes cordless drills so popular is that they can be taken almost anywhere. Just make sure that you have a fully charged battery and spare if you plan on working late. Cordless drills have almost (but not completely) replaced the old corded models.
 
The Power Supply
The most common power pack in a cordless drill--or even most cordless tools for that matter is the nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery. A battery is generally made up of two dissimilar metals (in this case nickel oxide hydroxide and cadmium) in an electrolyte ("battery acid"). In a battery, the chemical reaction between the two metals and the electrolyte cause electrons to flow from one side to the other.
In a cordless drill, the NiCd battery supplies current to a small DC motor which does the work of the drill.
 
The Work Horse
In any electric motor, there will be an armature (also called a rotor), a commutator, brushes, a permanent magnet and an axle. When direct current is applied to a DC motor, it creates an electromagnetic field in the windings of the armature. The difference in magnetic forces between the armature and the permanent magnet cause the armature to turn. As the armature turns, the commutator acts as a switch that reverses the current in the armature (and the brush connects the commutator to the current). This reversal of current keeps the armature turning.
 
The armature turns the axle and in a cordless drill the axle turns a transmission. The transmission has several gears that turn the spindle that does the actual drilling action.
 
 
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Uses of Drill Bits

The electric drill is one of the most useful common tools in the handyman's arsenal. The wide variety of available drill bits allows an almost endless number of uses. Different bits serve different purposes. Uses for drill bits range from making tiny holes in wood to drilling large ones in cement; you need to match the type of drill bit to its intended purpose.

 

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How to Sharpen a Step Drill

A step drill is a graduated drill used to make holes in thick metal sheets. The first step on the drill creates a rather small hole but each subsequent step gradually enlarges it. Step drills can be difficult to sharpen but if the bit can be removed from the drill then there are a few methods that may work.
 
Instructions
1
Grind the first step like you would any other drill bit. Put the drill in a clamp that exposes only the first step. Run the edge along the grinding wheel in short, quick motions until the bit looks sharp enough for your needs.
 
2
Move the clamp lower on the bit so that 20 mm of the second step are exposed.
 
3
Adjust the clearance angle on the grinding machine enough to accommodate the larger step.
 
4
Position the edge of the second step against the right corner of the grinding wheel. Grind the drill while pivoting the bit up and down along an axis. If your drill has more than two steps, repeat until finished.
 
 
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Tungsten Carbide Instructions

1
Determine if your tool needs sharpening. One easy way to decide if your tool is becoming dull is to see if it reflects light well. Shine is an indication of wear. You can also gently scrape a fingernail on a blade and see if it shaves off a sliver; if it does not, the blade is dull. Touch is not necessarily a good way to determine if a blade is sharp, as a dull carbide tool may still feel sharp.
 
2
Find a professional sharpening service. Sharpening carbide is not recommended for non-professionals, as it requires skill and specific sharpening machinery. Imprecise sharpening can ruin a tool, and a professional can restore a blade to like-new condition.
 
3
If you are interested in learning how to sharpen blades yourself, it is recommended that you locate a teacher.
 
4
Carbide tools require diamond for sharpening, due to their hardness. Wet grinding using an abrasive wheel on an automatic grinder is a very precise method of sharpening. It is also possible to sharpen a tool by using a diamond lap, but this is very imprecise and time-consuming.
 
 
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How to Sharpen Tungsten Carbide

Carbide is a word that refers to a variety of carbon compounds. While there are several different types of carbide, tungsten carbide is the type most commonly used for cutting or drilling tools; it is very hard, relatively inexpensive, and will retain a sharp edge for a long time. While tungsten carbide is noted for its remarkable durability, a tungsten carbide tool may need occasional sharpening if it is used regularly.
 
Instructions
1
Determine if your tool needs sharpening. One easy way to decide if your tool is becoming dull is to see if it reflects light well. Shine is an indication of wear. You can also gently scrape a fingernail on a blade and see if it shaves off a sliver; if it does not, the blade is dull. Touch is not necessarily a good way to determine if a blade is sharp, as a dull carbide tool may still feel sharp.
 
2
Find a professional sharpening service. Sharpening carbide is not recommended for non-professionals, as it requires skill and specific sharpening machinery. Imprecise sharpening can ruin a tool, and a professional can restore a blade to like-new condition.
 
3
If you are interested in learning how to sharpen blades yourself, it is recommended that you locate a teacher.
 
4
Carbide tools require diamond for sharpening, due to their hardness. Wet grinding using an abrasive wheel on an automatic grinder is a very precise method of sharpening. It is also possible to sharpen a tool by using a diamond lap, but this is very imprecise and time-consuming.
 
 
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How to Grind Tungsten Carbide

Tungsten carbide is a very hard material made from tungsten and carbon. It is commonly used for the tips of tools, especially cutting tools. While this material is very hard, it does become worn over time and may require grinding or sharpening. Carbide tools and tips can be ground with a diamond grinding wheel, but grinding a tool evenly requires skill and practice.
 
Instructions
1
Attach the diamond wheel to your bench grinder. Refer to your manual to ensure that the wheel is properly attached and the grinder itself is appropriately mounted.
 
2
Hold your tungsten carbide tool against the rest beneath the wheel. Touch the tip to the wheel, but do not turn on the grinder yet. Adjust the rest as needed so that you achieve the necessary grinding angle for your particular tool. Many rests will allow you to adjust both the height and the angle of the rest.
 
3
Remove the tool from the rest, then turn on the grinder. Touch the tip of the tool to the moving wheel, just as you did before when determining the angle, and use the rest to guide the angle of the grinding. Carbide may emit short red sparks during grinding. These are normal. The carbide tool may also become very hot. Work in short intervals and do not burn yourself, overheat the tool or touch the tool immediately after grinding. Continue grinding until the tool is sharpened.
 
 
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