Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen reacts with oxygen across an electrochemical cell like that of a battery to produce electricity, water, and small amounts of heat. Fuel cells and hydrogen are the two clean energies considered to be possible substitutes of fossil fuel. Fuel cells are a promising technology for use as a source of heat and electricity for buildings, and as an electrical power source for electric motors propelling vehicles. Fuel cells operate best on pure hydrogen. But fuels like natural gas, methanol, or even gasoline can be reformed to produce the hydrogen required for fuel cells. Some fuel cells even can be fuelled directly with methanol, without using a reformer.

Mercury pollution, serving as a toxic heavy metal, removal of mercury has always been an important environmental issue. As the largest mercury emissions country, Chinese mercury emissions derived from coal-fired industry increased from 45.1 t in 1978 to 175.7 t in 2014. It was estimated that atmospheric mercury emissions derived from coal incineration were 202.3 tons in 2018.

Recently, bismuth tungstate (BWO) with typical perovskite layered structure has been developed for photocatalytic application under visible light irradiation. Oxygen-enriched graphitic carbon nitride (OCN) OCN can generate H2O2 more easily owing to the oxygen-enriched structure and the black body nature enhance the light absorption capability. Thus, it is a potential material to be adopted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BWO.

Cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) with monoclinic wolframite structure has been used in a wide range of potential applications including supercapacitors, photocatalysts, catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen production, microwave dielectric ceramics, photovoltaic electrochemical cells, among others. As electrochemical energy storage devices, batteries and supercapacitors have attracted significant attention due to their intrinsic characteristics of energy and power densities, cycling stabilities and charging-discharging rates.

The tungsten crucible crack analysis is quite important. If the problem that the bottom of crucible easily cracks is not solved, it will directly affect the yield of the crucible. Although powder metallurgy method producing crucible has many advantages including greatly saving metal consumption and reducing production cost, there are still many technical problems to be solved such as the bottom of crucible easily cracking.

What is tungsten crucible? It is made by turning and welding with tungsten rod, and produced from pure tungsten plate, tungsten sheet and pure tungsten rod according to relevant technology, many types of preparation methods are available. It has wide application in rare earth smelting, quartz glass, crystal growth and other industries, and plays an important role in modern industry.

There are many factors, which can influence the welding effort of resistance welding, which is applied tungsten copper as electrodes, such as welding current, time, pressure, electrode shape and properties and workpiece surface condition.

There are four types of resistance welding, which can use tungsten copper bonded copper electrode as welding tip, spot welding, seam welding, butt welding and projection welding.

In the conventional method to produce nanoscaled WC–Co material, tungsten powder is obtained from the reduction of tungsten oxides or ammonium paratungstate (APT) followed by a carburization step to obtain tungsten carbide powder. Generally, the particle size of WC–Co powder is on the micron scale. Recently, solution chemical synthesis methods such as spray conversion process and chemical co-precipitation have received increased attention for the production of nanostructured WC–Co material in order to improve the properties of sintered WC–Co materials.

Tungsten is one of the most highly refractory metals and is well applied in lamp filaments, heating elements in high temperature furnaces, electronic heaters, X-ray emission tubes, TIG welding electrodes etc. The widely applications of tungsten result from its thermal resistance to high temperature, high hardness, and high wear resistance.