Muzi chop: From chaos scarce rare earth monopoly to see the need for resources

Rare earth industry chaos for a long time , in recent years more crazy , which brings us Reflections : strategic non-renewable resources , carried out by state-owned monopoly , is absolutely necessary ; state-owned monopoly is the national interest , national effective protection of the interests of such a monopoly is a must !

1 , Rare is what

Rare is called " industrial MSG " , known as the "21st century gold" , "mother of the new material" , has an important economic value and strategic value. Rare has excellent optical, electrical , magnetic, superconducting and catalytic properties, are widely used in cutting-edge fields such as new energy , defense and military fields , rare earth is a strategic non-renewable resources .

2 , which uses rare earth

Application of rare earth almost everywhere, in defense, energy , information, environmental protection , health, agriculture , etc., have a wide range of applications , especially magneto-optical properties of rare earths , has been widely used in new materials, new technology, currently containing rare earth functional materials of more than 50 categories, has become an important strategic resource of modern high-tech industries .

3 , what is the significance of rare earth

Rare for the military field , can significantly improve tactical performance tanks, planes , missiles, steel, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys , rare earth technology to military technology brings a qualitative leap. Such as the "Patriot " missiles able to easily destroy "Scud " missiles , because " Patriot" guidance system used in about 4 kg of samarium cobalt magnets and NdFeB magnets.

4 , unknown RE know

With the understanding of the special nature of the rare earth elements , every two or three years , you will find a new use of rare earth. Data shows that in today's world every five patents , and there a rare earth related. As countries reduce the use of fossil fuels in the coming decades , demand for rare earths market will show a geometric growth .

5 , the current situation of China's rare earth

China's rare earth reserves in the last century, in the early 1980s accounted for 71 % of the world 's rare earth reserves in 2012 to 23 %. In just three decades , China's already sold 48 percent of rare earth reserves , at current production rates , the class of heavy rare earth reserves only to maintain less than two decades . We first complacent once the world's reserves , but should act Duanzaijuesun three decades and deep repentance.

6 , the distribution of the world's rare earth

U.S. 2009 energy analysis report pointed out that China's rare earth reserves of 36 million tons , accounting for 36% of the world ; annual output of 120,000 tons , accounting for 97% of the world . Russia's reserves of 19 million tons , accounting for 19% of the world . U.S. reserves of 13 million tons , accounting for 13% of the world . Australia's reserves of 540 million tons, accounting for 5 % of the world . India's reserves of 310 million tons, accounting for 3% of the world production of 2,700 tons , accounting for 2% of the world .

7 , the world's rare earth supply and demand conditions

In addition to China , other countries are in the rare earth mining state of zero , one third of global reserves , the supply of more than 95% of global demand , known as the " gold selling cabbage price ", because of a low a large number of exports , the United States from 1985 shut down their rare earth mine , all imported from China and Japan also import large quantities of Chinese rare earth hoarding .

8, the failure of the export quota management

China's rare earth export quota management , export restrictions only on rare earth materials , but the purchase of rare earth materials in Chinese primary products , are not subject to quota restrictions . Thus, large-scale investments in Western countries set up factories in China , is currently the United States, Germany, Japan, Canada and other countries have set up in our wholly-owned, joint ventures 38 , they only rare earth resources for roughing, the primary products shipped abroad for further processing , or reserve up, disguised so that our exports of rare earth resources in excess of quota restrictions .

9 , the impact on the environment of rare earth production

Jiangxi Ganzhou rare earth mining began in the 1970s , the pool leaching process once used to be called "moving mountain sports ," Hill suffered great damage of vegetation , a large number of wastewater containing ammonia , heavy metals and other pollutants, polluted drinking water and agricultural irrigation water. One ton of rare earth mining will destroy 200 square meters of vegetation , topsoil stripping 300 square meters , forming a 2,000 m3 of tailings , resulting in 1,200 cubic meters of soil erosion.

10 rare earth industry chaos revelation

( 1 ) on non-renewable resources such as rare earth, from the policy aspects relevant departments should take strong measures to strengthen supervision and control efforts , otherwise, is irresponsible countries , the Chinese nation is a crime.

( 2 ) on scarce resources like this rare , strategic resources , not only the so-called market-oriented reforms , but also must be achieved absolute control of resources by the state-owned enterprises, and simply can not afford to be configured through the market .

( 3 ) local interests must be completely cut off the chain , completely cut off the black hands of vested interests to accelerate the formation of the rare earth group of six , from the source control , from all aspects of the production, supply and control , fundamentally reverse the rare earth industry chaos .

( 4 ) any sacrifice of resources , sacrificing the environment and harmed the expense of future generations of development, have to brake immediately ; any reform measures must be based on national interests , national interests as the fundamental starting point. Facts have fully proved that the state monopoly on scarce resources is a must. Rare earth industry consolidation must ton output capacity before effective.

( 5 ) the rare earth industry chaos to a reinforcement of the " pro-market " who sounded the alarm , "monopoly " is not a panacea, "market" but not a panacea, of scarce non-renewable resources , strategic resources , "market" is totally unacceptable . Rare earth industry irrefutable facts , once again proved that what the "market good" or "monopoly good" , must be based on the characteristics of each industry to decide.


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