Rare animal nutrition and disease resistance mechanism of growth-promoting

RE is a new , safe and efficient feed additives to promote animal growth , improve feed efficiency , increase economic efficiency and other characteristics are widely used at home and abroad . Rare animals is also an activator of many enzymes , have a good anti-inflammatory , antiseptic , anti-cancer , anti-clotting and analgesic effects. In view of this , this article about the rare earth elements on animal nutrition and disease resistance mechanism of growth-promoting do a review , the rational use of rare earth elements for consumers to provide a theoretical basis .

A classification and distribution of rare earth

Rare including chemical periodic table of 15 lanthanides and their chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium of 17 elements in general. This is 17 kinds of rare earth elements are usually divided into light rare earths and heavy rare earths. China's rare earth resources are very rich in livestock and additives used in the production of rare earth is divided into organic and inorganic rare earth ( Young Snyder and others, 2008 ) . The main products are rare earth nitrate , hydrochloride rare earth, rare earth carbonates , sulfates, rare earth, rare earth vitamins , citric acid, rare earth, rare earth chelate of amino acids .

Rare-earth absorption in animal metabolism of the body

Rare mainly through the mouth, respiratory tract and skin are absorbed and used by the animal organism , the vast majority in the form of hydroxides or phosphates into the reticuloendothelial system , in transit to the lymph nodes, liver and bones. Excreted primarily through the urine , bile, gastrointestinal wall discharge. Which LREE mainly from the bile, stomach and intestinal excretion, and heavy rare earth elements are mainly deposited in bone, released into the blood after urine. In addition , the accumulation of rare earth concentration of the body , kind and content of the chelating agent , the chemical form of rare earth elements and in vivo behavior can also be regarded as affecting the performance of its excretion important factor .

3 RE on immune function in animals

Jing Shao Red ( 2010 ) noted that the immune system is the body's resistance to disease and toxic substance important defense system , pigs , chicken, fish fed with rare earth elements, to reduce disease and improve survival . Adding 30 ~ 125mg/kg of rare animals can enhance macrophage activity and increased animal body defenses. Mawen Jiang ( 2006 ) also noted that adding a small amount of rare earth elements with increased NK cell activity and T lymphocytes , stimulating immunoglobulin production , increased synthesis of body IgG, IgM antibodies such as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation , anti- cancer cells , inhibit and kill tumor cells . Zhengzong Yun ( 2011 ) study showed that adding rare earth weaned piglets can significantly increase serum concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG (P <0.01) IgG levels directly reflect the body's immune status . It is to be effective mainly in the intestinal tract , from the role of antibodies . Because when weaning , digestive and immune function have yet to develop a sound , susceptible to the impact of dietary microbes produce stress . In weaned piglets , the immunoglobulin E. coli and other pathogenic microorganisms with specific binding , play a role in weakening its toxicity , thus preventing diarrhea and improve their growth conditions . In addition , rare earth animal blood selenium (Se) levels tended to increase . Selenium is an important component of glutathione peroxidase component of glutathione peroxidase can clear the toxic effects of lipid peroxides , can effectively prevent the cellular and sub- membrane damage by peroxides . Because rare earth elements can enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity , can play a role in scavenging free radicals . It can be seen , the chemistry and earth lively strong complexing ability of harmful organisms for which a radical scavenger to provide a strong guarantee . Combined with the above points can be learned, by virtue of its own REE special nature , can improve animal immunity to improve the animal's body resistance .

4 RE on animal metabolism of nutrients in the body

Rare may increase nutrient metabolism in the digestive tract or the activity of certain enzymes to improve the absorption of nutrients animals . Zhengzong Yun ( 2011 ) pointed out that the earth affect glucose metabolism, so that the body changes in blood glucose concentration . There are two possible reasons : one is the rare earth elements with islet β cell plasma membrane binding , stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells , reduce blood glucose levels, high blood sugar for a relief role ; second is inhibited liver sugar REE gluconeogenesis key enzymes. Rare earth elements can be formed with a variety of amino acid or protein complexes , which affect protein metabolism processes in the body , to promote animal growth . When the rare earth elements with trypsin and pepsin when combined , can enhance trypsin and pepsin protein decomposition , thereby strengthening the intestinal digestion and absorption of protein . In addition , rare earth can also promote the secretion of digestive juices , improve digestive enzyme activity, can effectively avoid indigestion after weaning piglets to prevent diarrhea , thereby improving weaning daily gain and feed efficiency , increase economic gains. This shows that there is a strong resistance earth can be used as the production of piglets in the kind of good additive . REE can reduce blood cholesterol levels , affecting the citric acid cycle , regulate lipid metabolic pathways.

5 Rare Earth on the impact of trace elements

REE is not an essential trace element in animals , but the rare earth elements with certain essential trace elements there is a close relationship between . Rare in animals can be used as calcium antagonistic agent and substituted agent, rare earth ions alter epidermal cell membrane calcium channels , to promote calcium influx . Interfere with the normal physiological function of calcium . Pack Yu-Min et al (1991 ) in the diets of rare earth elements significantly improves the absorption of phosphorus , improved utilization of phosphorus , may be due to rare earth elements can be enhanced to accelerate the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of plant phosphorus in feed utilization.

6 RE inhibitory effects on intestinal

Most studies show that the earth may play a similar role of antibiotics , selective effect on the gastrointestinal tract, the development of bacterial species , inhibition of some negative bacteria. Higher concentration of rare earth ions can inhibit bacterial growth , while lower concentrations to stimulate the growth of bacteria . Huochun Fang ( 2000 ) noted that the rare earth complexes with antibacterial effect, the majority of organic ligands in the ring contains a carboxyl group , a hydroxyl group or a sulfonic acid group, an aromatic compound . Fan Qiongying ( 2009 ) pointed out that the rare earth on bacterial intracellular protein and enzyme activity affected. Rare Earth on the role of DNA in bacterial cells are also some reports . Rare earth elements can be seen through the destruction of cell morphology , and thereby play a role in the bacterial cell membrane , etc. , and to affect the activity of bacterial protein , destruction of the cell growth , and thus achieve antibacterial sterilization results. Secondly, the earth has a certain weak acid, can reduce the pH of the gastrointestinal tract , effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and reproduction , is conducive to enhance physical fitness, reduce diarrhea .


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