The chemical properties of cut-resistant tungsten wire are primarily based on the chemical characteristics of tungsten metal. Tungsten, a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74, is renowned for its extremely high melting point and chemical stability. Below are the key chemical properties of cut-resistant tungsten wire:

Cut-resistant tungsten wire is a specially treated or modified tungsten-based material. Its core design objective is to enhance resistance to cutting, wear, and high temperatures, making it suitable for scenarios involving high mechanical stress or extreme environments.

Pure tungsten electrodes, as one of the earliest electrodes used in argon arc welding, have consistently played a significant role in the welding industry. This type of electrode, characterized by its high melting point, high density, corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, has become an indispensable key material under specific welding conditions.

Abstract

Tungsten and its alloys, due to their excellent high-temperature performance, radiation resistance, and mechanical properties, have become ideal candidate materials for key components in nuclear fusion reactors. This paper reviews the progress of research on the application of tungsten and tungsten alloys in the field of nuclear fusion, focusing on their performance in plasma-material interactions, heat load tolerance, and radiation damage. By analyzing current research results and technical challenges, this paper proposes future research directions and development trends, providing a reference for promoting the application of tungsten and tungsten alloys in the field of nuclear fusion.

From a historical perspective, William D. Coolidge's development PM process and tool "for making tungsten ductile" in 1909 marked the beginning of the use of tungsten filaments in the lighting industry. William D. Coolidge's development of the PM process and tools to "make tungsten ductile" in 1909 marked a breakthrough in the use of tungsten filaments in the lighting industry and began the modern industrial era of Powder Metallurgy.

Scientific background of doped tungsten wires

The systematic and purposeful doping of tungsten oxide powders was already patented in 1922. However, the doping of elemental potassium and its role in the formation and stabilization of creep-resistant recrystallization intercalated microstructures was only understood after 1964, when new tools for scanning and transmission electron microscopy and new instruments for surface analysis, especially Auger-Electron-Spectrometry (AES), could be used to perform modern microstructural and chemical analysis of nanometer-sized aggregates. Modern microstructural and chemical analyses were performed.

The Invention of Hard Metals

The next important milestone in the chronology of the development of doped tungsten wires is 1923, which marked the year when K. Schröter, chief engineer of the OSRAM research group in Berlin, Germany, made a cemented carbide or hard metal by combining tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt powder through mixing, pressing and liquid-phase sintering.

The Coolidge Process

William D. Coolidge (1873-1975), Figure 8, began his career at GE's research laboratory in September 1905. Interestingly, Coolidge's first task was to investigate the cause of the rapid breakage of the filament of the German tantalum lamp when operating under alternating current, most likely due to the limitations of the lamp's cavity technology and the residual gas in the bulb.

Tungsten pins, also named tungsten needles or tungsten electrodes, are a typical tungsten product with purity of 99.95%. It has a silver-white appearance, a slender structure, a length of 20mm-1000mm, and a diameter of 0.3mm-10mm. Usually, the product is customized. 

A collimator, a device used to transform the diverging light or other radiation from a point light source into a parallel beam. Special measurements in spectroscopy and in geometric and physical optics require this kind of collimation.

Tungsten, also known as Wolfram, is a rare metal known for its highest melting point of all elements. In addition to excellent temperature resistance, the material also has strong abrasion resistance and chemical resistance. These good properties make it an ideal material for components that operate at extreme temperatures.

A collimator is a device used to transform the divergent light or other radiation from a point light source into a parallel beam, and also is an absorber device used to limit X-rays, gamma rays, or nuclear particle beams to the size and angular spread required for a specific application. Normally, special measurements in spectroscopy and geometric and physical optics require this kind of light collimation.

Many analytical and medical devices are using thorium tungsten wires as ion source. Why use thorium tungsten materials? What about tungsten or neodymium tungsten materials? 

Tungsten wire owns high resistivity and melting point, good strength, and low vapor pressure, which is the best material for making incandescent filaments in all pure metals. However, how is the thin tungsten wire made? As the tungsten is hard, brittle, and difficult to proccess.

The usage of tungsten disulfide powder is it can be used in high temperature and high-pressure applications. It offers temperature resistance from -450 degree F (-270℃) to 1200 degree F (650℃) in normal atmosphere and from -305 deg F (-188℃) to 2400º F (1316℃) in vacuum.

Tungsten disulfide coating is an extremely slick, dry film lubricant coat. WS2 has an extremely low coefficient of friction of 0.03 — lower than that of teflon, graphite, or molybdenum disulfide. The film is remarkably durable compared to many other lubricant materials and can withstand tremendously high loads of over 300,000 psi.

Tungsten disulfide has a layered structure related to MoS2, with W atoms situated in trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. Owing to this layered structure, WS2 forms inorganic nanotube was discovered on an example of WS2 and has been the first material which is able to form it in 1992.  

Tungsten disulfide property is diamagnetic, lubricious and easy to be dissociative. It is a compound of tungsten and sulfur, chemical formula is WS2, molecular weight 247.97, the state is black gray powder, appears in the natural world as a tungstenite. The relative density is 7.510. It adopts a layered structure related to MoS2, with W atoms situated in trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. 

Spherical tungsten carbide powder has the microstructure of fine equiaxed dendrites, its morphology of dense homogeneous spherical WC particles. It maintains a stable chemical property, good fluxibility and hardness, and outstanding wear or abrasion resistance. 

Many spherical tungsten powder manufacture methods have been researched and developed by  advanced technologies to comply with the more strictly usage requirements in different industries. Below are another two tungsten-hydrogen halide reduction methods.