Rare earth price in China maintains stability. The recent growth of the rare earth price of magnets directly leads to magnetic material enterprise’s procurement difficulties of rare earth raw material.

Foreign media said the Chinese government announced the cancellation of rare earth export quotas. Since the beginning of 2010 the export control issues finally come to an end road. Chinese rare earth export restrictions during the Japanese companies to promote the development of alternative technologies to reduce the amount of rare earth, and therefore the elimination of export quotas of Chinese influence is limited.

"China's rare earth exports to issuing permits." Chinese New Year period to adjust the Commerce Department export license directory, rare earth quota management canceled the news, on the 5th suddenly cause the world's major media attention. China and the West for years of "rare earth war" is considered ended. Reuters said the restrictions were lifted so that Western countries relieved. The media interpreted this as a signal of economic liberalization China released cooperation.

At present, China's rare earth export quotas and tariffs facing adjustment pressures. Insiders pointed out that the main tone of China's rare earth industry policy has not changed, even if the policy adjustment, the market impact will be limited. Future standardization of China's rare earth industry, environmental protection and other aspects of the work, will continue to promote the follow-up policy is expected to be launched soon.

WTO ruled in March this year, China's rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related products violations. After an appeal to China, but has not yet ushered in the final sentence. Nevertheless, the industry has expected future export quotas and tariff policy will face adjustments.

"Adjusting export quotas and tariffs in the industry has long been expected, just a matter of time. "A rare earth industry sources said export policy adjustment, although the export volume will increase in the short term, but the impact on trade and industry is very limited.

News that China is prepared to abandon the controversial export duties and export quotas . In March, the World Trade Organization (WTO) determine China 's rare earth export controls violate WTO trade principles . "Faced ruling that Beijing may have no choice but to comply . In the next year there may be the elimination of export restriction rules . " The anonymous source said , " to comply with WTO rules will be adjusted to reflect Beijing 's tactics , but long-term plan to improve its ability to develop pricing and access to lucrative downstream industry market share is expected to remain unchanged. "

"After all, there is a corresponding WTO rules , including quotas and tariff setting , although we have been in the effort , the complainant , but impossible to escape the rules of the framework , the result can be said to be expected "

Has been for about two years China Rare international litigation , in the spring of 2014 with the verdict : World Trade Organization (WTO) panel report announced that the export tariffs on China for rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products taken in violation of the quota management measures the relevant provisions of the WTO. In other words, China can not continue to manage the use of quotas for exports of rare earth .

This result seems to be difficult to foresee . In early 2012, WTO found on the release of the report , Chinese export restrictions nine kinds of raw materials , to provide protection for domestic manufacturers. The reporting requirements for China to reduce export tariffs lifted export quotas .

Although there are 60 days of the complaint , but many accept the " Oriental Outlook Weekly " interview, the industry believes that , under WTO rules China established comeback very difficult.

Some believe that a rare earth litigation with the U.S. and Europe failed to control the development of the relevant WTO rules , it is actually a concrete manifestation of the U.S. and Europe through the control of the WTO on China resources plundered .

However , " we ourselves should be more reflection. " Secretary-General of Chinese Society of Rare Earths Lin Dong Lu told the reporter, to seriously consider how well the organization's rules limiting .

In a certain period of time , the ruling would obviously have an impact China's rare earth industry , " but in the long run, this effect will soon be over. We should strengthen basic research , major breakthroughs in key technologies, development and application of downstream industries , the use of resources for technology to change the situation . Only then can we talk about rare power to change from passive to active. " Chinese Society of Rare Earths , Deputy Secretary-General Zhang Anwen told correspondents.

Earlier promise

The so-called rare earths international litigation , is the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products export management measures do not conform to WTO rules and commitments on when China joined the WTO .

China believes that relevant Chinese measures to comply with the WTO "sustainable development" purposes, and the earth as a non-renewable mineral resources , are exhaustible natural resources that can be invoked in 1994 , " GATT " Section 20 bar , to "protect exhaustible natural resources " reasons to restrict exports .

When China joined the WTO, there are 84 tariff increase tariffs. However, in the rare earth, tungsten , molybdenum, three resources , only the heading of a tariff increase range are tungsten , rare earths , molybdenum not in this range.

The so-called tariff , it simply is directory , customs handling import and export goods , according to the tariff tariffs .

Zhang Anwen said , I believe that this 84 year tariff has been determined after a thorough discussion and tough bargaining, " the WTO itself is a very difficult negotiation . WTO should say something to talk about when there allow , is guaranteed , there is slow , some concessions must be made ​​concessions that adhere to never give in , give up some buffer time . "he explained," a dozen years ago to join the WTO negotiations could then our understanding of rare earths does not now so high. "

Therefore, for the rare-earth litigation fails, "After all, there is a corresponding WTO rules , including quotas and tariff setting , although we have been in the effort , in the complaint , but impossible to escape the framework of the rules , so the results can be expected to say in the the . " Lin Dong Lu told the publication .

China 's rare earth reserves by 23 percent , providing more than 90% of the global market supply situation, from the 1980s, it has been going on for nearly 30 years. "So long supply , in terms of some of the developed countries , has been the norm , and formed a dependency. They feel that they should supply them , without considering the devastating impact on our environment. " Zhang Anwen example, heavy rare earth mine in the south , one ton of rare earth ore mined would produce 1,600 tons to 3,000 tons of waste soil waste rock . In the production of one ton of rare earth oxides in Baotou , will produce 30,000 cubic meters gas .

In fact , the United States , Canada and other developed countries have very rich reserves. Prior to the 1980s , these countries are also the supply of rare earth exports. But with the increasing volume of Chinese exports of rare earths , they began to adopt or not adopt without possession to sell . Earlier also an important producer of rare earths United States, 1997 shut down the local 's largest rare earth mine in Mountain Pass mine , rare earth changed cheaper imports from China .

According to the statistics , from 1979 to 1986 rare earth export price was 7-9 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1987-1991 years 9.5 to 13.5 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1992-2001 , the price dropped to 9-11 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 2002-2005 years , the price dropped to $ 5.5 per kilogram even .

Guangxian Chinese Academy of Sciences has said that from 1995 to 2005 10 years, because low-priced exports of rare earth , causing China's foreign exchange losses of up to several billions of dollars.

Since 2003 , China began to implement a quota system for rare earths , rare earths by 2005 to further cancellation of export tax rebates , export quotas compressed list of enterprises . Since 2007, China has implemented a mandatory plan for rare earth production , reducing exports of rare earths .

Meanwhile, China 's accession to WTO negotiations in progress , a focus that is lifting barriers on imported products , foreign products in order to achieve fair competition in the Chinese market. After that, as an incentive or a means of suppressing domestic production capacity , China has taken to raise or lower the export tax approach , and take some special products export quota system .

This means that some of the products in the domestic market price is lower than the price in the international market . A similar case is that in June 2009 , the United States , the European Union filed a complaint application to the WTO , said China has adopted export quotas on bauxite, phosphorus and zinc were nine kinds of raw materials, contrary to its WTO accession commitments when . These measures lead to other countries at a disadvantage in the steel , chemical products production and exports , while China -related companies were given an unfair advantage in the competition.

年初2012, WTO released a report finds that China restricts exports of nine kinds of raw materials , to provide protection for domestic manufacturers , and asked China to reduce export tariffs lifted export quotas , obligations stipulated in the WTO .

WTO rules

Although Chinese exports of rare earth , but these low-priced exports of rare earths , in a foreign country after processing, often several times or even hundred times the price and then sold to China .

"We sell things , has always been a low-priced to sell, and buy something , it becomes a high-priced . " Zhang Anwen said , on the one hand to get a high consumer of rare earths benefit our earth, on the other hand give us the legacy of environmental pollution and ecological damage is difficult to recover.

1994 " GATT " Article 20 : If a resource for its members , or that a certain kind of resource exports over , bring their own resources depleted or cause serious environmental pollution, the member is entitled to this resource production, sales , exports take appropriate export controls and export restrictions . And the WTO panel 's ruling that the evidence does not constitute a reason for China to restrict exports .

In a quota , while China take measures to limit the type and amount of mineral smelting , as part of a comprehensive treatment of the rare earths . During this period, China's domestic demand for rare earth consumption is declining , and more emphasis on the efficient use of resources.

Zhang Anwen said that these are clearly beneficial to the environment , it is not any evidence , " we get a quota threshold for the enterprise , the first one is environmental standards , it is a good quality of exports, while the former quota setting , some of the non-compliance products will be exported. "

He suggested that in the future should continue to strengthen the management of the upstream industry , collect resources tax , the establishment of sewage charges , restrictions from the source of production. In addition, to strengthen the management of export enterprises , the industry 's self- importance , the role of industry associations .

In addition, Zhang Anwen recommended strict export barriers to entry , and managed through strict environmental standards , improve resource utilization and other means , to achieve effective management of the industry .

"A lot of times we are being cheap exports , indicating that although we are supply power, but the lack of the right to speak , including in the country, to form a reasonable price mechanism to maintain high and stable rare earth prices , stabilize the most important. " Zhang Anwen said that to establish new export management, must not occur again in the past that " cabbage price . "

Combating the illegal exploitation of focus should be to sink

As early as 1998, China began to implement a system for licensing the export quota of rare earth products , and the inclusion of rare earth materials processing trade ban catalog .

At the same time , by rectifying the order of the rare earth mine , the development of industry access policy, vigorously promote the rare earth industry consolidation and a series of measures , the domestic rare earth prices have been rising .

In 2011, the Ministry of Finance , State Administration of Taxation has issued a notice , decided to adjust the rare earth ores uniform resource tax standards since April of that year . Adjusted ton of rare earth resources tax increase several times over , which soon caused dissatisfaction rare large market demand in countries such as the U.S. , Japan and Europe .

" We can say that the resource tax regulation is still relatively limited. " Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhanheng told the Chinese Rare Earth Society , resource tax rise, to some extent, to stimulate certain areas of the South indiscriminate Luancai phenomenon , so it has a greater profit margins than the rare formal channels .

" We have to adapt to WTO rules , while avoiding disadvantages , but also make good use of those rules. " Lin Dong Lu told the publication , later to communicate in the framework of the WTO, to strengthen self-discipline, a consensus to achieve environmental protection, rational development and utilization of resources.

For the rare earth industry indiscriminate Luancai circumstances, Lin Dong Lu believes that although there has been a relatively sound legal regulations, but there are many shortcomings in the implementation and supervision levels , " the fight against illegal poaching phenomenon, environmental protection , public security , and there are also mine management , multiple focal points , the intensity of execution, enforcement and punishment mechanism , there are many problems. "

Prior to resort to some places linkage enforcement , the responsibility of local executive leadership , and achieved certain results . But some local officials , who colluded with the illegal mining , "There are some things beyond the reach of the province , management should focus on in the city below the county level . " Zhang Anwen said that if the center of gravity, layers of responsible management in place, strict punishment , not the non- governance.

High-end applications are short board

Zhang Anwen said that in rare earth mining , smelting and separation of rare earth functional materials research and development, China 's technology has been greatly improved. However , the use of rare earths in the downstream areas , especially the core technology components and other high-end products and product development , is still short board , " the state should improve top-level design , good institutional arrangements and strengthening policy, and funding support, encouragement enterprises as the main body, the development of rare earth parts, components technologies, to achieve mass production , to achieve the transformation and upgrading of the rare earth industry , the rare earth resources [ 0.14% ] into economic advantages , the transition from a big country to the rare earth rare earth power. "

In 2011, the State Council issued the " State Council on promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rare earth industry ," clearly required to crack down on illegal mining prospecting and mining and ultra indicators and propose a comprehensive clean-up of rare earth prospecting and mining rights , improve mining barriers to entry.

An anonymous experts interviewed said the magazine actually already should have a new entry companies , "said the one hand, restrictions , on the other hand is still access . Mine in Inner Mongolia have been opened, Jiangxi has also been opened, the heavy rare earth and light rare earth have been covered, the rest of the resources and reserves should be retained , but the status quo is all opened, the conditions of the dig , do not have conditions are digging . "

In addition, the Chinese rare earth enterprises too , is not conducive to the effective use of WTO rules. It is understood that China is now about seven eighty rare earth enterprises , while Western countries generally only seventy-eight . In addition , rare earth enterprises in Western countries generally meticulous division of labor , strictly take the difference of the road, but the actual situation in China is large and comprehensive, industry convergence , which is obviously not conducive to high-end direction.

The experts say that China has a vast territory , but how to take into consideration and the most efficient use of these resources , the management department was not sufficient to consider " ( the WTO ruling ) we excuse, of course, to actively defend , but more importantly, we should analyze our own shortcomings behind closed doors . "


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Geneva time on March 26 , World Trade Organization announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report China , ruled the Chinese export management products involved violations. Industry analysts, after nine raw materials case , China's rare earth export restrictions has once again been cut violations, which means that China 's export quota system for many years , or face the end.

Geneva time on March 26 , World Trade Organization announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report China , ruled the Chinese export management products involved violations. Industry analysts, after nine raw materials case , China's rare earth export restrictions has once again been cut violations, which means that China 's export quota system for many years , or face the end.

Looking back at the March event rare earth market , it is inevitable to mention the international market due to the recent lawsuit Rare widely discussed , WTO ultimately judged against China , most market participants expressed outrage this result , consider the WTO to settle a lawsuit unfair. There are businesses on the rare earth market outlook expressed concern that after the release of rare earth rare earth export prices could face fell sharply . Positive attitude toward businesses that even if export quotas , when the government will be able to come up with other policies , since the final decision is not out , and see it and the line and

In a heated discussion outside the industry , there are many people comment perceptual bias , that in order to prevent the United States , Japan and Europe to succeed, China Rare Earth should direct substantial price increases, some also are made ​​rational thinking , such as the control of resources from the source strengthen the industry, improve pricing, increased resource taxes and so on. As Chinese people or the Chinese government Rare how to deal with this incident , it seems that everyone knows how to do it , but it seems that they are very difficult and this is after all the things surmount domestic rare earth industry accomplishing a mind to do great things , but mention to mind, after all, insiders feel that involves the distribution of benefits , the current situation , there are still difficult.

WTO ruling on Chinese exports of rare earth problem entirely the result of selective hearing those referees , officials , who only the interests of the advanced countries , while ignoring the reality of global development, did not see the irreparable damage to the environment caused by mining and backward at the same time they also did not see a reduction in the supply of rare earths can promote the development of modern industrial technology , thereby reducing the degree of harm to the environment destruction.

First, those officials should have never been to China's rare earth mining site , those behind the domestic mining technology and mining operations is definitely crazy enough to understand . According to the author 's face value , rare earth mining in many parts of the country have adopted the disastrous mining technology . To get petty , miners tend to be emptied whole mountain , leaving a barren. Meanwhile hazardous substances four diaspora , threatening people 's health. If you want to manage this environmental damage , not only requires a lot of money , but also take a long time , in fact, difficult to estimate the cost of governance . Therefore, China has adopted various measures to curb the exploitation of rare earth blind is absolutely necessary .

This year 's "two sessions ", the president of the China Rare Earth Industry Association Gan Yong told the media that , faced with a very rare case grim situation , they have to appeal to delay the execution time . "WTO has given us the right to appeal , but the results, almost delaying action execution time. "

China will continue for many years to cancel rare earth export quotas ? Become rare boss Li Jia ( pseudonym ) is most concerned about things these days .

The evening of March 26 , the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling released report on Chinese exports of rare earths dispute resolution , litigation support requirements of the U.S., EU and Japan , ruled in violation of the rules on China 's rare earth export restrictions imposed .

Switzerland March 26 , WTO announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report China , ruled the Chinese export management products involved violations. Following this ruling was " nine kinds of raw materials case" , Chinese rare earth export restrictions has once again been ruled WTO violation. While China may within 60 days on this appeal , but as the legal profession said , " completely overturned the conclusions of the panel report little chance of winning ."

When the time Chinese hospitality in a U.S. president's wife , when the Chinese President Xi Jinping or Europe for a friendly visit , WTO has ruled that the complaint by the United States and Europe launched China's rare earth export management measures violations, this is the era of peace together by gangster logic victory: what you need, we have the right not to sell, we want to buy something , you have full supply.

On the rare earths issue, China is really a "monopoly of resources , to raise prices bullies " do? Obviously not . The so-called rare earths , is Mendeleev's periodic table of the last 17 ​​rare elements collectively , the international trade of rare earth today , almost China to other countries to sell rare earths , rare earths and rare earth application level major importing countries is much higher than China , and unceremoniously technology blockade against China . It is particularly worth mentioning is that the advantages of the United States and other countries on the application of rare earth embodied in military technology as the forerunner in the field of high-precision -guided , satellite, detection, communications, laser and so on. In addition, because they do not control pricing and export of primary products are the most primitive , Chinese exports of rare earth price per kilogram was cheaper to just 18 yuan , while the international market price of up to $ 1,000 / kg. According to Chinese experts as saying that China sold the gold price of potatoes .

China WTO Research Association , Zhou said , is a rare non-renewable resources, we dug sale of own resources , then the future will not buy from others is the price. In 2009, China began to adjust the rare earth export policy .

Yesterday in the U.S., Japan and Europe , the words by the media as a " major news " to announce . Make them happy is the World Trade Organization (WTO) after two years of trade-offs , in the 26th ruling Chinese rare earth export restrictions practices contrary to WTO rules , China in the battle to protect its rare earth resources in the battle lost . In accordance with the usual Western view, the development of high-tech is a rare indispensable strategic resource , from smart phones to missile guidance are inseparable "industrial vitamins ." But over the years, China has to account for only 23 percent of the world's total reserves reserve supply 95% of the world 's rare earth production , not only low prices was like " selling gold potatoes price" , there is a huge environmental cost to pay . When China began to realize that the problem is serious restrictions of rare earth exports , the United States and Japan has shown impatience , one after another to say "no ." WTO26 day for their opinion felt partial to make China the world's dangerous and unfair rules of the game . Lost the lawsuit , then how to do ? This is not only a test of China 's wisdom , but also related to unfair era " world to enjoy cheap Chinese rare earth" can not end .

"As a contribution to the country , China over the years to meet the global demand for rare earths , countries deserve to understand, especially considering China to pay a huge environmental cost for the production of rare earths. Even in developed countries lips do not say thank , at least have the heart to say thank . " Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths 27, " Global Times " said.

In fact, China has already done the worst mental preparation and the necessary responses. In rare cases , for example, China has not only implemented the rare earth mining , production , rare earth series of special VAT invoice management systems , but also for three consecutive years to carry out rare earth mining , production , environmental protection, the fight against the smuggling of special rectification actions.

"You could say , even if it is the final award , for China 's rare earth industry is by no means a devastating blow. " Ministry of Commerce, Law Department official who asked not to be named to the China news agency reporter Zhi Chu , nine kinds of raw materials export case in 2012 is considered to be the final decision of rare cases " preview " that the final ruling China " loser " China then adjusted in accordance with the ruling . So far, nine kinds of raw materials and stable development of the industry in question , and no major problems .

In view of this , there is reason to believe that China 's rare earth industry and will not encounter the foreign media speculation " devastating blow " , China 's rare earth exports will not be staged , " Qian Kun Da Nuo " , return once the "cabbage price . " China only in respect penance "Strength" on the basis of WTO ruling on export restrictions of rare earth mining and more refined measures in order to take a dip in the international market at the same time to achieve the objective of protecting resources and the environment .

China will continue for many years to cancel rare earth export quotas ? World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling released report on Chinese exports of rare earths dispute resolution , litigation support requirements of the U.S., EU and Japan , ruled in violation of the rules on China 's rare earth export restrictions imposed .

Commerce Department of Treaty and Law Department official responded that China is currently evaluating the report panel decisions , and resolve to do a proper follow-up procedures under the WTO dispute .

Expert Group on WTO dispute settlement mechanism in the report said that China , including 17 kinds of rare earth materials, such as tungsten and molybdenum export restrictions imposed three . Difference is that on the rare earth export tariffs on raw materials in many forms , and for a certain time period exports imposed quotas, as well as to specific restrictions on the export of these raw materials enterprise rights .

This is from the rare case began in March 2012 , the tug of war after nearly two years after losing the Chinese side has been identified .

WTO could have a fight , this one is about environmental protection , " explained WTO is not the adoption of losing this one, because the reason for taking a quota policy is environmentally friendly ."

In fact, when this lawsuit began , the Chinese side to do the worst .

"State of the original idea should be by the WTO Appellate this time, accelerating the integration of rare earth enterprises , even if ultimately unsuccessful , it is possible to form a strong and large group of foreign high efficiency docking. " Baotou a rare case of corporate executives to the reporter said.

Earlier newspaper reports, although rare is a small industry, but indiscriminate digging abuse , environmental pollution, excess capacity has been plagued this industry, China two years ago began a strong consolidation and gradually determine the formation of rare large corporations strategy.

WTO recently ruled that Chinese exports of rare earth products, tariffs, export quotas and other management measures for violations. This result strongly dissatisfied with the whole Chinese society . But the light not angry , we need to seriously reflect on the rare earth industry policy , the international situation and the rare earth industry after WTO ruling gives a strong response .

For a long time , China's rare earth production accounts for over 90 % of the world , according to the 2012 " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," White Paper , China's rare earth reserves only account for about 23 percent of the world. Chinese rare earth production in a single large, because of our low cost rare earth mining , rare earth mine in other countries can not compete with China . Therefore, a high yield is primarily the result of China's rare earth resources overexploitation , not proud .

To curb excessive disorderly exploitation of rare earth resources , China has adopted a consolidation mining enterprises , implementation of export quotas and export tariffs and other measures to improve , play a certain effect , but also the international market of rare earth prices soaring , so that domestic rare earth enterprises made ​​a fortune .

According to reports, China 's rare earth export quota for 2010 will be reduced by 40% , this results in the consumption of rare earth metals and related industries in developed economies panic . Rare has an irreplaceable role in solar panels , electric car batteries and a large number of high-tech products such as smart phones , there are also the "industrial vitamins " in the title . In 2014 the first batch of rare earth export quota of 15,110 tons , a decrease of 2.5 % compared with the first batch of rare earth export quotas last year .

Rare case highlights the West " rule discriminatory "

NEW YORK, March 26 evening 9:00 , the WTO panel report released on " the United States, European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related case" is given for the case of preliminary As a result, believes that the implementation of China's rare earth products such as export taxes and export quotas violate the provisions of the WTO framework .

WTO Panel Ruled That China's Rare Earth Export Policy Violation Chinese Side Expresses Regret.

The Chinese government in recent years to strengthen and improve the high pollution, high energy consumption of the integrated management of resource products . This is not only China conservation of exhaustible natural resources and the needs of the environment , but also for the important efforts made ​​to maintain global sustainable development . China is currently evaluating the report panel decisions and make proper follow-up of the case under the WTO dispute settlement procedures .

Geneva time at 14:00 on March 26 ( Beijing time at 21:00 on the March 26th ) , World Trade Organization announced the appeal Chinese rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the expert group report of the U.S. , EU, Japan , up more than 260 page final report made ​​a regrettable conclusion.

Commerce Department of Treaty and Law Department official has issued a statement that the panel approved a comprehensive resource and environmental protection measures in China for rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum taken , dismissed the application for EU companies molybdenum export quotas " export performance " requires discrimination foreign companies argued that the Chinese side appreciates .

According to the British "Financial Times" reported on March 26 , the World Trade Organization (WTO) requires China to cancel the day of export restrictions on rare earths , which is a major victory for the United States , the European Union (EU) and Japan achieved . Rare is the smart phones, cameras , steel and hybrid vehicles in production of key raw materials .

WTO said Beijing over the years to use trade policy to "control" key strategic commodities market , and to encourage manufacturers to move their factories to China . The ruling by the United States , Japan and European trade officials welcomed the latter complained that the export restrictions to allow Chinese companies an unfair advantage.